Rapid analysis of transgenic rice straw using near-infrared spectroscopy

Hattori, Takefumi; Murakami, Shinya; Mukai, Mai; Yamada, Takatoshi; Hirochika, Hirohiko; Ike, Masakazu; Tokuyasu, Ken; Suzuki, Shiro; Sakamoto, Masahiro; Umezawa, Toshiaki

doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.12.0501a

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Before saccharification analyses, starch in the cell-wall material was removed by amylase treatment in a similar manner to previous reports (Hattori et al 2012;Park et al 2009;Wada et al 2010). Briefly, the cell-wall material (ca.…”

Section: Starch Removal For Saccharification Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enzymatic saccharification was conducted in a similar manner as previously reported (Park et al 2009;Hattori et al 2012) with a slight modification. Briefly, the starch-free residue was suspended with 500 µl of 50 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.8) by vortexing for 10 s. To the suspension was added 1 ml of an enzyme mixture in the same buffer containing 3.3 FPU Celluclast 1.5l, 7.5 CbU Novozyme 188, and 0.205 mg Ultraflo L (Novozymes, Bagsbaerd, Denmark).…”

Section: Enzymatic Saccharificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The starch-free residue was hydrolysed with a two-step H 2 SO 4 hydrolysis method (Park et al 2009;Wada et al 2010;Hattori et al 2012). Briefly, the starch-free residue was incubated in 1 ml of 72% (w/w) H 2 SO 4 at 30°C for 1 h. After the reaction, 150 µl of the reaction mixture was transferred into fresh 2-ml polypropylene screw-cap tubes containing 1050 µl of distilled water, and the suspension was heated at 100°C for 2 h. After the tube was centrifuged at 20,000×g for 3 min, the supernatant was transferred into 14-ml polypropylene round-bottom tubes and neutralized with 1 ml of 25% (w/w) CaCO 3 suspension.…”

Section: Acid Saccharificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of lignocellulose of Erianthus arundinaceus in relation to enzymatic saccharification efficiency

Yamamura

Noda

Hattori

et al. 2013

Plant Biotechnology

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Lignin is a major component of the secondary cell walls of vascular plants, and an obstacle in the conversion of plant cell wall polysaccharides into biofuels. Erianthus spp. are large gramineous plants of interest as potential energy sources. However, lignocelluloses of Erianthus spp. have not been chemically characterized. In this study, we analysed lignins, related compounds, enzymatic saccharification efficiencies, and minerals in the ash of the inner and outer parts of the internode, leaf blade and leaf sheath of Erianthus arundinaceus. Lignins in four organs consisted of guaiacyl, syringyl, and p-hydroxyphenyl units. The ratios of syringyl to guaiacyl lignins and lignin contents ranged from 0.43 to 0.79 and 20 to 28%, respectively, with values highest in the outer part of the internode. The amounts of ferulic acid were similar (7.3-11.8 mg g −1 dry weight of cell-wall material) in all four organs, while there was more p-coumaric acid in the inner part of the internode (44.7 mg g −1 dry weight of cell-wall material) than in other organs (25.7-28.8 mg g −1 dry weight of cell-wall material). The enzymatic saccharification efficiency (24 h reaction time) of the leaf blade was 21.6%, while those of the other organs ranged from 10.0 to 15.2%. The leaf blade had the highest ash content (17.1%); the main inorganic element was silicon. This paper provides the first fundamental knowledge of E. arundinaceus lignins.

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Section: Starch Removal For Saccharification Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enzymatic Saccharificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acid Saccharificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of lignocellulose of Erianthus arundinaceus in relation to enzymatic saccharification efficiency

Yamamura

Noda

Hattori

et al. 2013

Plant Biotechnology

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“…Enzymatic saccharification efficiency was determined by the method of Hattori et al (2012). Briefly, the starch in the tissue (T) was degraded using a Total Starch Kit (Megazyme, Co. Wicklow, Ireland).…”

Section: Determination Of Enzymatic Saccharification Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PCR products were analyzed on a 1% (w/v) agarose gel and were visualized with ethidium bromide. An OsCAD2 (Os02g0187800) RNAinterference (RNAi) knock-down plant was prepared previously (Hattori et al 2012) using the specific primer set: CAD2_ RNAi_f, 5′-CAC CAA GAC TGG GCC TGA AGA TGT-3′ and CAD2_RNAi_r, 5′-CGG GAT CTT CAC CAC AAA CT-3′.…”

Section: Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAD2 deficiency causes both brown midrib and gold hull and internode phenotypes in Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare

Koshiba

Murakami

Hattori

et al. 2013

Plant Biotechnology

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Several brown midrib (bm) mutants have so far been isolated from the C4 grasses, maize, sorghum and pearl millet, but have not been detected in C3 grasses including rice (Oryza sativa). In the present study we characterized the cad2 (cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2) null mutant isolated from retrotransposon Tos17 insertion lines of Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare. This mutant exhibited brown-colored midribs in addition to hulls and internodes, clearly indicating both bm and gold hull and internode (gh) phenotypes. The enzymatic saccharification efficiency in the culm of cad2 null mutant was increased by 16.1% than that of the control plants. The lignin content of the cad2 null mutant was 14.6% lower than that of the control plants. Thioacidolysis of the cad2 null mutant indicated the presence of cinnamaldehyde structures in the lignin. Taken together, our results show that deficiency of OsCAD2 causes the bm phenotype in addition to gh, and that the coloration is probably due to the accumulation of cinnamaldehyde-related structures in the lignin. Additionally, this cad2 null mutant was useful to silage purposes and biofuel production. Lignin is a complex phenylpropanoid polymer, and is biosynthesized via oxidative coupling of phydroxycinnamyl alcohols (monolignols) and related compounds that are formed in the cinnamate/ monolignol pathway (Umezawa 2010). Lignin fills the spaces between cell wall polysaccharides and confers mechanical strength and imperviousness to the cell wall (Boerjan et al. 2003). Therefore, lignin biosynthesis is closely related to the evolution of land plants.Lignin has several properties that present obstacles to chemical pulping, forage digestion, and enzymatic hydrolysis of plant cell wall polysaccharides for biorefining. For these processes, it would be beneficial for plant materials to either have less lignin, or to have lignin that is easier to remove. Mutant plants in which genes encoding lignin biosynthetic enzymes are downregulated are generally expected to have lower lignin content and higher enzymatic saccharification efficiency. For these reasons, lignin biosynthesis is an area of great interest (Chiang 2006;Dixon and Reddy 2003;Vanholme et al. 2008;Weng et al. 2008).Several brown midrib (bm or bmr for sorghum) mutants have been isolated in maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) arising by either spontaneous or chemical mutagenesis (Barrière et al. 2004;Cherney et al. 1991;Sattler et al. 2010). The characteristic reddish-brown to tan colored midribs of the mutant leaf blades contrasts with the pale green midribs of the wild type. In addition, the mutants show similar coloration in stalks and generally have reduced lignin content and higher in vitro digestibility compared with wild-type plants. Hence, the mutants have been receiving a lot of interest in relation not only to silage purposes (Barrière et al. 2004;Cherney et al. 1991;Sattler et al. 2010), but also biofuel production (Sattler et al. 2010).In maize, six...

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Genetic engineering of transitory starch accumulation by knockdown of OsSEX4 in rice plants for enhanced bioethanol production

Huang

Liu

et al. 2020

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Rice straw, a common agricultural waste, is used as a potential feedstock for bioethanol production. Currently, bioethanol is made mostly from the microbial fermentation of starch‐containing raw materials. Therefore, genetically engineered starch‐excess rice straw through interference of starch degradation as a potential strategy to enhance bioethanol production was evaluated in this study. Arabidopsis Starch Excess 4 (SEX4) encodes a chloroplast‐localized glucan phosphatase and plays a role in transitory starch degradation. Despite the identification of a SEX4 homolog in rice, OsSEX4, its biological function remains uncertain. Ectopic expression of OsSEX4 complementary DNA complemented the leaf starch‐excess phenotype of the Arabidopsis sex4‐4 mutant. OsSEX4‐knockdown transgenic rice plants were generated using the RNA interference approach. Starch accumulation was higher in OsSEX4‐knockdown suspension‐cultured cells, leaves, and rice straw compared with the wild type, suggesting that OsSEX4 plays an important role in degradation of transitory starch. The OsSEX4‐knockdown rice plants showed normal plant growth and no yield penalty. Starch‐excess OsSEX4‐knockdown rice straw used as feedstock for fermentation resulted in improved bioethanol yield, with a 50% increase in ethanol production in a vertical mass‐flow type bioreactor, compared with that of the wild‐type straw.

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Rapid analysis of transgenic rice straw using near-infrared spectroscopy

Cited by 40 publications

References 39 publications

Characterization of lignocellulose of Erianthus arundinaceus in relation to enzymatic saccharification efficiency

Characterization of lignocellulose of Erianthus arundinaceus in relation to enzymatic saccharification efficiency

CAD2 deficiency causes both brown midrib and gold hull and internode phenotypes in Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare

Genetic engineering of transitory starch accumulation by knockdown of OsSEX4 in rice plants for enhanced bioethanol production

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