Rapid analysis of paraquat and diquat in beer and malt using LC-MS/MS

Abstract

Paraquat and diquat are fast-acting herbicides that have been used worldwide. While they might pose food safety risks, their extremely basic and polar properties make it difficult to sensitively analyze these herbicides in food components. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive analysis (LOQ=10 µg/kg) of beer and malt samples using LC-MS/MS was performed under ion pair chromatography conditions. Samples were prepared by extraction with dilute HCl and purification with a weak cation exchange SPE cartridge.

Rapid and sensitive surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method combined with gold nanoparticles for determination of paraquat in apple juice

“…Paraquat was extracted from apple juice based upon a modified commonly applied solid‐phase extraction (SPE) method for determination of paraquat with LC–MS . Briefly, 5 mL apple juice was loaded onto an SPE cartridge (CNWBOND WCX, 60 mg/3 mL, ANPEL Scientific Instrument Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China) previously conditioned with 3 mL methanol and 3 mL ultrapure water.…”

Development of a Simultaneous Analytical Method for Diquat, Paraquat and Chlormequat in Animal Products Using UPLC‐MS/MS

“…They are widely used for controlling broadleaf, grassy weeds and aquatic weeds [1,2]. These compounds are commonly known as QUATs and considered as toxic herbicides [1,3].…”

“…Therefore, a sensitive analytical method is needed for monitoring of these three herbicide in livestock animal products. Several analytical methods have been developed for the analysis of diquat and paraquat in various matrices [2,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. A few methods were also published for simultaneous analysis of diquat, paraquat and chlormequat using LC-MS/MS [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Simultaneous electrophoretic concentration and separation of herbicides in beer prior to stacking capillary electrophoresis UV and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

“…Although the herbicides are suitable for UV detection, MS has been the most prevalent detection method employed. The determination of paraquat and diquat in environmental and agricultural samples has been conducted by LC–MS for water samples , irrigation water of crop fields , low‐moisture food crops , and beer and malt samples . The toxicity and wide availability of these analytes has also made them a focus in forensic and metabolic research .…”