RAPID ACQUISITION OF PREFERENCE IN CONCURRENT CHAINS: EFFECTS OF d‐AMPHETAMINE ON SENSITIVITY TO REINFORCEMENT DELAY

Ta, Wei‐Min; Pitts, Raymond C.; Hughes, Christine E.; McLean, Anthony P.; Grace, Randolph C.

doi:10.1901/jeab.2008.89-71

Cited by 19 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…If drug effects are mediated through changes in sensitivity to reinforcer delay, then such changes should be evident under various other conditions in which delay impacts behavior. Some data support the notion that amphetamine reduces sensitivity to reinforcer delay (e.g., Ta et al 2008); however, amphetamine also impacts other behavioral processes thought to be relevant to delay discounting such as sensitivity to reinforcer amount (Maguire et al 2009). A second goal of the current study (Experiment 2) was to determine whether amphetamine increases choice of larger, delayed reinforcers under conditions in which the impact of the order of delay presentation is reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effects of amphetamine on delay discounting in rats depend upon the manner in which delay is varied

2014

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Whether stimulant drugs like amphetamine increase or decrease choice of larger delayed reinforcers over smaller immediately available reinforcers under delay discounting procedures can depend on several factors, including the order in which delay is presented. This study examined whether the order of delay presentation impacts drug effects on discounting in rats (n=8) trained and tested under an ascending order, a descending order, as well as under a fixed delay condition. Responses on one lever delivered 1 food pellet immediately and responses on the other lever delivered 3 food pellets immediately or after a delay (4–32 s). In Experiment 1, the delay to the larger reinforcer varied within session and the order of delay presentation (ascending or descending) varied across conditions. In Experiment 2, the same delay value was presented in all blocks of the session (i.e., delay was fixed), and delay varied across phases. Under the ascending order of delay, amphetamine (0.32–1.78 mg/kg) increased choice of the larger reinforcer in some rats and decreased choice in others. In the same rats responding under the descending and fixed delay conditions, amphetamine markedly decreased choice of the larger reinforcer even in the component associated with no delay. In some subjects, the effects of amphetamine differed depending on the manner in which delay was presented, indicating that drug-induced changes in performance were due, in part, to mechanisms other than altered sensitivity to reinforcer delay. These results also suggest that a history of responding under both orders of delay presentation can modulate drug effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effects of amphetamine on delay discounting in rats depend upon the manner in which delay is varied

2014

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“…Stimulants tend to shift delay discounting functions rightward or upward reflecting increased choice of larger, delayed reinforcers (Cardinal et al 2000; Floresco et al 2008; Pitts and McKinney 2005; Slezak and Anderson 2011; van den Bergh et al 2006; van Gaalen et al 2006; Winstanley et al 2003; Winstanley et al 2005; but see Evenden and Ryan 1996; Koffarnus et al 2011; see also de Wit and Mitchell 2010, for a review), possibly reflecting a reduction in sensitivity to reinforcer delay. Indeed, amphetamine attenuates sensitivity to reinforcer delay under other conditions (e.g., Ta et al 2008); however, other factors might play a role including whether the delay period is paired with a unique stimulus (signaled delay; Cardinal et al 2000). …”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of amphetamine and methylphenidate on delay discounting in rats: interactions with order of delay presentation

2013

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Rationale Drug effects on delay discounting are thought to reflect changes in sensitivity to reinforcer delay, although other behavioral mechanisms might be involved. One strategy for revealing the influence of different behavioral mechanisms is to alter features of the procedures in which they are studied. Objective This experiment examined whether the order of delay presentation under within-session delay discounting procedures impacts drug effects on discounting. Methods Rats responded under a discrete-trial choice procedure in which responses on one lever delivered 1 food pellet immediately and responses on the other lever delivered 3 food pellets either immediately or after a delay. The delay to the larger reinforcer (0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 s) was varied within session and the order of delay presentation (ascending or descending) varied between groups. Results Amphetamine (0.1–1.78 mg/kg) and methylphenidate (1.0–17.8 mg/kg) shifted delay functions upward in the ascending group (increasing choice of the larger reinforcer) and downward in the descending group (decreasing choice of the larger reinforcer). Morphine (1.0–10.0 mg/kg) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (0.32–5.6 mg/kg) tended to shift the delay functions downward, regardless of order of delay presentation, thereby reducing choice of the larger reinforcer, even when both reinforcers were delivered immediately. Conclusion The effects of amphetamine and methylphenidate under delay discounting procedures differed depending on the order of delay presentation indicating that drug-induced changes in discounting were due, in part, to mechanisms other than altered sensitivity to reinforcer delay. Instead, amphetamine and methylphenidate altered responding in a manner consistent with increased behavioral perseveration.

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“…Experiment 1 used a concurrent-chains preparation to measure preference (i.e., initial-link response allocation) for differently delayed but equally sized food reinforcers (see Pitts & Febbo, 2004; Ta, Pitts, Hughes, McLean, & Grace, 2008). Across a range of terminal-link delays to reinforcement, response allocation was fitted by the generalized matching equation (Baum, 1974) to provide an index of delay sensitivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pramipexole‐induced Disruption of Behavioral Processes Fundamental to Intertemporal Choice

Johnson

Stein

Smits

et al. 2013

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Evaluating the effects of presession drug administration on intertemporal choice in nonhumans is a useful approach for identifying compounds that promote impulsive behavior in clinical populations, such as those prescribed the dopamine agonist pramipexole (PPX). Based on the results of previous studies, it is unclear whether PPX increases rats’ impulsive choice or attenuates aspects of stimulus control. The present study was designed to experimentally isolate behavioral processes fundamental to intertemporal choice and challenge them pharmacologically with PPX administration. In Experiment 1, the hypothesis that PPX increases impulsive choice as a result of enhanced sensitivity to reinforcer delays was tested and disconfirmed. That is, acute PPX diminished delay sensitivity in a manner consistent with disruption of stimulus control whereas repeated PPX had no effect on delay sensitivity. Experiments 2 and 3 elaborated upon this finding by examining the effects of repeated PPX on rats’ discrimination of response–reinforcer contingencies and reinforcer amounts, respectively. Accuracy of both discriminations was reduced by PPX. Collectively these results provide no support for past studies that have suggested PPX increases impulsive choice. Instead, PPX impairs stimulus control over choice behavior. The behavioral approach adopted herein could be profitably integrated with genetic and other biobehavioral models to advance our understanding of impulsive behavior associated with drug administration.

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RAPID ACQUISITION OF PREFERENCE IN CONCURRENT CHAINS: EFFECTS OF d‐AMPHETAMINE ON SENSITIVITY TO REINFORCEMENT DELAY

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of amphetamine on delay discounting in rats depend upon the manner in which delay is varied

Effects of amphetamine on delay discounting in rats depend upon the manner in which delay is varied

Effects of amphetamine and methylphenidate on delay discounting in rats: interactions with order of delay presentation

Pramipexole‐induced Disruption of Behavioral Processes Fundamental to Intertemporal Choice

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