Rapid, Accurate Phase Quantification of Clay-Bearing Samples using a Position-Sensitive X-Ray Detector

Batchelder, M.; Cressey, G.

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1998.0460209

Cited by 70 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…XRD data were collected using an INEL curved position-sensitive detector (PSD) at the Natural History Museum in London, England. Mineral abundances were determined using a whole-pattern XRD fitting procedure, first introduced by Cressey and Schofield (1996) and further developed by Batchelder and Cressey (1998). Experimental configurations and a detailed description of the XRD fitting procedure are reported in Dunn et al (2010a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A coordinated spectral, mineralogical, and compositional study of ordinary chondrites

Dunn

McCoy

Sunshine

et al. 2010

Icarus

104

210

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A coordinated spectral, mineralogical, and compositional study of ordinary chondrites

Dunn

McCoy

Sunshine

et al. 2010

Icarus

104

210

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“…Such variable intensities can result in large analytical errors in quantitative analysis if intensities are selected improperly. Thus, for natural rocks containing clays, techniques using whole-pattern fitting (Smith et al, 1987) and sequential-pattern stripping (Batchelder and Cressey, 1998) * Corresponding Author are difficult to apply. Rietveld refinement techniques (Bish and Howard, 1988;Taylor, 1991) face the same difficulty; clay structures are too complex to be modeled and refined for a routine quantitative analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Clay-Bearing Rocks From Random Preparations

Środoń¹

2001

Clays and clay miner.

411

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Abstract--An internal standard X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis technique permits reproducible and accurate calculation of the mineral contents of rocks, including the major clay mineral families: Fe-rich chlorites + berthierine, Mg-rich chlorites, Fe-rich dioctahedral 2:1 clays and micas, Al-rich dioctahedral 2:1 clays and micas, and kaolinites. A single XRD pattern from an air-dried random specimen is used. Clays are quantified from their 060 reflections which are well resolved and insensitive to structural defects. Zincite is used as the internal standard instead of corundum, because its reflections are more conveniently located and stronger, allowing for a smaller amount of spike (10%). The grinding technique used produces powders free of grains coarser than 20 ixm and suitable for obtaining random and rigid specimens.Errors in accuracy are low, <2 wt. % deviation from actual values for individual minerals, as tested on artificial shale mixtures. No normalization is applied and thus, for natural rocks, the analysis is tested by the departure of the sum of the measured components from 100%. Our approach compares favorably with other quantitative analysis techniques, including a Rietveld-based technique.

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“…from the K-feldspars-muscovite-kaolinite alteration system of the uncontaminated soil [56]. Formation of Illite in contaminated SMP 2 according to USGS [76] is likely to be generally favoured by alkaline conditions in addition to observed mineralogical changes caused by ionic solutions using XRD techniques [15,16]. The alteration in U uncontaminated, C contaminated mineralogy is thought to be responsible for the varied responses observed in terms of hydraulic conductivity of the soils.…”

Section: Mineralogy and Leachate Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic conductivity and leachate removal rate of genetically different compacted clays

Oyediran

Olalusi

2017

Innov. Infrastruct. Solut.

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Genetically different clays were compacted, contaminated and cured for 21 days with natural leachate from an old active waste disposal site and subsequently remolded at both West Africa (WA) and Modified AASHTO (MA) energies of compaction. The clays were thereafter investigated with a view to understanding the effect of contamination on hydraulic conductivity and mineralogy of the clays, soil-leachate interaction, influence of the energy of compaction and rate of leachate removal with time. Clay mineralogy revealed the presence of mixed clays including Anatase, Calcite, Hematite, Kaolinite, Quartz and Illite. The presence of these mixed clay minerals confers both attenuation and containment properties on the clays and, hence, makes the soils suitable for use as barriers in landfills. Hydraulic conductivity of the undisturbed and uncontaminated clays reduced with increase in energy of compaction from WA to MA. Leachate addition resulted in varied responses from the clays attributable to the different genealogy of the soils. Furthermore, the rate of leachate removal for the soils was observed to be 3.0 9 10 -3 cm/s for SMP 1, 4.0 9 10 -3 cm/s for SMP 2 and 8.0 9 10 -2 cm/s for SMP 5. These observations from the different soils are in agreement with results recorded in terms of consistency, hydraulic conductivity, mineralogy and compaction properties. However, influence of leachate on the structure of the genetically different soils played a contributory role in alteration of their mineralogy and, hence, their hydraulic conductivity.

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Rapid, Accurate Phase Quantification of Clay-Bearing Samples using a Position-Sensitive X-Ray Detector

Cited by 70 publications

References 18 publications

A coordinated spectral, mineralogical, and compositional study of ordinary chondrites

A coordinated spectral, mineralogical, and compositional study of ordinary chondrites

Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Clay-Bearing Rocks From Random Preparations

Hydraulic conductivity and leachate removal rate of genetically different compacted clays

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