Rapeseed meal as a feed component in monogastric animal nutrition – a review

Abstract

Rapeseed is an important oil crop worldwide, with an annual production of more than 70 million tons. Rapeseed meal (RSM) is a by-product of rapeseed oil production and is second after soybean meal (SBM) in the world production of protein meal. Rapeseed meal derived from black-seeded winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) usually contains between 35 and 40% of crude protein (CP), which is considered to be one of the more valuable plant proteins. It has a good balance of essential amino acids and a very high protein efficiency ratio (PER=3.29). However, full utilisation of this protein is difficult due to presence of the non-protein components of the seed which are associated with it. These are called antinutritional factors and they limit the utilisation of RSM in monogastric animal nutrition. The main antinutritional factors in RSM are dietary fibre, glucosinolates, phytic acid, and phenolic compounds (sinapine, tannins). For many years, research has been conducted in many centers around the world to improve the nutritional value of RSM, which will consequently increase its use in feeding monogastric animals. The attempts that have been undertaken include breeding strategy, optimisation, modernisation and better control of the oil extraction process, as well as technological treatments of seeds and meal. This review provides information on how RSM has evolved in recent years, as well as on its nutritive value, particularly protein, fibre and glucosinolate content. Techniques which have been used to improve the nutritional value of rapeseed products are also discussed. However, the used methods do not allow for full replacement soybean meal by RSM in monogastric animal nutrition.

Biochemical and protein nutritional potential of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf: partial substitution improves the nutrition of conventional protein

“…Phytic acid combines with protein, starch and fat, thus reducing the activity of protease, amylase and lipase, and affecting the overall digestion of feed. 32 Overall, the phytic acid content of mulberry leaves is consistent with that of conventional feed sources such as soybean (3.9 g kg −1 ), corn (2.3 g kg −1 ) and wheat (2.7 g kg −1 ), 33 and is even lower in some varieties. Therefore, the lower content of phytic acid and tannin gives greater utilization of mulberry leaves in terms of nutrient absorption when developed as a feed.…”

“…The phytic acid content of mulberry leaves of the test species ranged from 0.81 ± 0.16 g kg −1 to 3.07 ± 0.41 g kg −1 , with an average content of 1.88 ± 0.56 g kg −1 . Phytic acid combines with protein, starch and fat, thus reducing the activity of protease, amylase and lipase, and affecting the overall digestion of feed 32 . Overall, the phytic acid content of mulberry leaves is consistent with that of conventional feed sources such as soybean (3.9 g kg −1 ), corn (2.3 g kg −1 ) and wheat (2.7 g kg −1 ), 33 and is even lower in some varieties.…”

Effect of Fermented Rapeseed Meal in Feeds for Growing Piglets on Bone Morphological Traits, Mechanical Properties, and Bone Metabolism

“…Rapeseed meal (RSM) is the by-product of crude rapeseed oil extraction obtained after the pressing process. Since the nutritional value of RSM extract is still high (contains 25–40% digestible proteins), it is routinely used as a good ingredient in the feeds of a variety of livestock [ 1 ]. Additionally, more than 83.14 million metric tonnes of rapeseed are produced worldwide [ 2 ].…”

Simultaneous Analysis of Free/Combined Phytosterols in Rapeseed and Their Dynamic Changes during Microwave Pretreatment and Oil Processing

“…[ 3 ]. Rapeseed oil and rapeseed cake are produced through rapeseed processing, in which rapeseed oil is an important source of health-related compounds such as polyphenols, phytosterols, and tocopherols in the human diet [ 4 ], while rapeseed cake provides the base material for a variety of commercial products, such as feed and fertilizer [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”