Rapeseed and sunflower meal: a review on biotechnology status and challenges

Abstract

Rapeseed and sunflower are two of the world's major oilseeds. Rapeseed and sunflower meal (RSM and SFM), the by-products of oil extraction, are produced in large quantities. They are mainly composed of proteins, lignocellulosic fibres and minerals. They were initially used as a protein complement in animal feed rations and sometimes as fertilizer or as combustible source. More recently, new alternatives to these traditional uses have been developed that draw on the structure and physicochemical properties of RSM and SFM, which are plentiful sources of nitrogen and carbon nutrients. This feature, together with their cheapness and ready availability, supports the cultivation of various microorganisms in both submerged cultures and solid-state fermentation. Recent studies have thus emphasized the potential utilisation of RSM and SFM in fermentative processes, including saccharification and production of enzymes, antibiotics, antioxidants and other bio-products, opening new challenging perspectives in white biotechnology applications.

Bioactive, functional and edible film-forming properties of isolated hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) meal proteins

“…These results clearly showed that the protein content of hazelnut meal was comparable with that of soybean meal which could vary between 48.5% and 58.1% in dry weight basis (Thakur & Hurburgh, 2007). Moreover, it also appeared that the hazelnut meal used in this work had higher protein content than sunflower and rapeseed meals which reported to contain TPCs of 32 and 35% in dry weight basis, respectively (Lomascolo, Uzan-Boukhris, Sigoillot, & Fine, 2012). Thus, it can be concluded that the Turkish hazelnut meal is a good source for protein extraction.…”

Sinapinic and protocatechuic acids found in rapeseed: isolation, characterisation and potential benefits for human health as functional food ingredients

“…Rapeseed is reported to contain more phenolic compounds than any other oilseed plant (Lomascolo et al, 2012). Reports suggest that rapeseed contains 240-590 μg/g of SA, while rapeseed cake (an initial by-product produced by crushing the rapeseeds to remove the oil) contains 170-454 μg/g of SA (Nićiforović and Abramovič, 2014).…”

“…During rapeseed oil extraction, elevated temperatures and pressures cause SA to undergo structural changes, resulting in the formation of 4-vinylsyringol, a decarboxylation product of SA, along with syringaldehyde. The amount of SA derivatives (which include sinapoyl glucose, methyl sinapate, sinapoyl malate and 1-sinapoyl-2-feruloylgentiobiose) found in rapeseed ranges between 6,390 and 18,370 μg/g, but this is dependent on the method used to process the oil (Lomascolo et al, 2012;Nićiforović and Abramovič, 2014). walls and release of the bioactive contents (Khoddami et al, 2013).…”

Enhancing the Nutritional Value of Canola (Brassica napus) Meal Using a Submerged Fungal Incubation Process

“…Canola meal is also the second most abundant protein source for livestock feed, trailing soybean meal (Newkirk, 2009). The abundance and lower price of canola meal have driven interest in replacing soybean meal in ruminant and monogastric feeds (Lomascolo, Uzan-Boukhris, Sigoillot, & Fine, 2012). On a cost per Kg of protein basis, canola protein is typically valued at 80-85 % the value of soybean meal because it contains less gross energy, less protein, and over three times as much fiber.…”