Rape Victims' Concerns about Possible Exposure to HIV Infection

Baker, Timothy C.; Burgess, Ann Wolbert; Brickman, Ellen; Davis, Robert C.

doi:10.1177/088626090005001004

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Reasons for exclusion were as follows: male gender (7); previously documented HIV-positive status (3); left before evaluation, examination, or treatment was completed (14); patient history incomplete due to intoxication or altered mental status (6); digital, protected, or attempted assault without actual penetration (4); already entered into the study (5); and examination not performed in the ED (2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, this risk is a real concern to SA survivors, with 25% to 40% expressing serious concerns. 13,14 Few states have released recommendations for HIV nPEP in the general population. [15][16][17] Although many emergency departments (EDs) and health centers are offering HIV nPEP to SA survivors, there are few published studies evaluating patient adherence to treatment recommendations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis in Sexual Assault: Current Practice and Patient Adherence to Treatment Recommendations in a Large Urban Teaching Hospital

Linden

Oldeg

Mehta

et al. 2005

Academic Emergency Medicine

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Background: Although rare, HIV transmission is one of the most feared consequences of sexual assault. While availability of medications to prevent HIV transmission (HIV nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis [HIV nPEP]) is increasing, little is known about emergency department (ED) prescribing practices and patient adherence to treatment recommendations. Objectives: To determine factors associated with offering, following up with, and adhering to treatment when HIV nPEP is initiated for sexual assault victims. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of female patients presenting with complaint of sexual assault to an urban ED from October 1, 1999, to September 30, 2002. HIV nPEP medications and/or follow-up were provided without charge. Chi-square analysis identified factors associated with being offered or referred for nPEP and followup. Variables significant at the p , 0.10 level were entered into logistic regression analysis. Results: Two hundred twenty-nine charts were reviewed. The final sample size was 181. Mean age was 29.1 years; median time from assault

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis in Sexual Assault: Current Practice and Patient Adherence to Treatment Recommendations in a Large Urban Teaching Hospital

Linden

Oldeg

Mehta

et al. 2005

Academic Emergency Medicine

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“…Golding (1994) found that rape victims were twice as likely as nonvictims to report medically explained health problems, including chronic diseases such as diabetes, arthritis, and asthma. Rape has also been related to a number of problems with sexual health, such as sexually transmitted diseases, abortions and unwanted pregnancies, sexual dysfunction, promiscuity, prostitution, sexual revictimization and/or abusive partnerships, and reproductive problems (Baker, Burgess, Brickman, & Davis, 1990;McCloskey, 1997;Roth, Wayland, & Woolsey, 1990;Shapiro & Chwarz, 1997;Waigandt et al, 1990;Zierler, Witbeck, & Mayer, 1996). Researchers and practitioners should supplement their attention given to trauma symptoms with further exploration of these physical and sexual effects of rape.…”

Section: Ptsd Symptoms Are Only a Fraction Of The Harm Done By Rapementioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing the Harm done by Rape

Wasco

2003

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Based on a review of theory and evidence, this article highlights the limitations of trauma response models and applications of posttraumatic stress to characterize the experiences of women who are raped. There are two primary problems with trauma response theories. First, traditional notions of trauma are likely too narrow to accurately capture the complexities of women's experiences of sexual violence in a gendered society. Second, the symptoms emphasized by clinical applications of the trauma model may legitimate one sociocultural manifestation of distress while excluding others. Alternative conceptualizations are presented to stimulate more ecologically grounded and culturally inclusive study of sexual violence. Using the rape of women as an example, this article illustrates the limitations of Western views of trauma and encourages researchers and practitioners to expand notions of survivors' responses to painful events.

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“…Several studies have revealed that intrusion into physical privacy through sexual assault predisposes the victim to a higher risk of contracting HIV and sexually-transmitted Infections (STIs), as well as a higher risk of unwanted pregnancy, abortion, sexual dysfunction, promiscuity, prostitution and sexual revictimisation, than those women who are physically assaulted only (Baker et al 1990;McCloskey 1997;Zierler, Witbeck & Mayer 1996). These effects are not normally associated with physical assault and can result in higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, leading to more negative coping styles (Johnson & Benight 2003:570).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of trauma on survivors of sexual assault and intimate partner violence in Limpopo

Davhana‐Maselesele

Madu

Williams³

et al. 2014

Health SA Gesondheid

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Background: Gender-based violence is a challenge in South Africa, despite available interventions. Caring for the survivors of both forms of violence is critical for ensuring their speedy recovery.Objectives: To compare the effects of trauma on female survivors of sexual assault versus those experienced by survivors of physical assault by their intimate partners.Method: A quantitative cross-sectional comparative study design was used to compare 30 sexually-assaulted women and 30 physically-assaulted women regarding depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder and coping styles three months after the incident. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the survivors of both types of assault and the Beck Depression Inventory posttraumatic stress disorder checklist and Brief COPE Inventory were administered in order to obtain quantitative data. Both parametric and non-parametric statistics were employed. Ethical measures were adhered to throughout the research process.Results: A significantly-higher proportion of sexually-assaulted women disclosed the incident to family (p = 0.021). The majority of sexually- (90%) and physically- (86%) assaulted women were likely to recall the incident. Sexually-assaulted women had a significantly-higher mean for avoidance/numbness (p < 0.001) and physical-assaulted women in arousal (p > 0.051). About 41% of sexually-assaulted participants reported severe depression. Findings confirmed that sexual assault is more personal whilst physical assault is more interpersonal. If physically-assaulted women were removed from the perpetrators they recovered faster than sexually-assaulted women. Their stay with the perpetrators may perpetuate the violence.Conclusion: The need for counselling and support for the survivors of both traumas was recommended. All stakeholders should be educated to provide support to survivors of both traumas. Agtergrond: Ten spyte daarvan dat daar intervensies beskikbaar is, bly geslagsgebaseerde geweld ‘n uitdaging in Suid-Afrika. Die versorging van die oorlewendes geweld is van kritieke belang om die oorlewendes se spoedige herstel te verseker.Doelwitte: Die doel was om die gevolge van trauma op die vroulike slagoffers van seksuele aanranding te vergelyk met die trauma wat die oorlewendes van fisiese aanranding ervaar het.Metode: ‘n Kwantitatiewe dwarssnit ontwerp is gebruik om 30 seksueel aangerande vroue en 30 fisiek aangerande vroue te vergelyk sover dit depressiesimptome, posttroumatiese stresversteuring en coping styl betref drie maande na die voorval plaasgevind het. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is gevoer met die oorlewendes van beide soorte aanvalle, terwyl die Beck depressie-inventaris, die kontrolelys vir posttroumatiese stresversteuring en die bondige COPE-inventaris afgeneem is om kwantitatiewe data te bekom. Sowel parametriese as nie-parametriese statistiek is gebruik. Etiese vereistes is regdeur die navorsingsproses nagekom.Resultate: ‘n Aansienlik hoër persentasie seksueel aangerande vrouens het hulle gesin oor die voorval ingelig (p = 0.021). Die meeste seksueel (90%) en fisiek (86%) aangerande vrouens het die voorval onthou. Seksueel aangerande vrouens toon ‘n aansienlik hoër gemiddelde vir vermyding of gevoelloosheid (p < 0.001) en fisiese aangerande vrouens het ‘n hoër gemiddelde vir opwekking (p > 0.051). Sowat 41% van die seksueel aangerande deelnemers meld erge depressie. Die studie bevestig dat seksuele aanranding persoonliker is, terwyl fisieke aanranding meer interpersoonlik is. As fisiek aangerand vroue van die oortreders verwyder word, herstel hulle vinniger as die seksueel aangerande vroue. As hulle by die oortreders bly, kan die geweld voortduur.Gevolgtrekking: Die noodsaak aan berading en ondersteuning vir beide groepe oorlewendes word aanbeveel. Alle belanghebbendes moet opgevoed word om ondersteuning aan oorlewendes te bied.

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Rape Victims' Concerns about Possible Exposure to HIV Infection

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis in Sexual Assault: Current Practice and Patient Adherence to Treatment Recommendations in a Large Urban Teaching Hospital

HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis in Sexual Assault: Current Practice and Patient Adherence to Treatment Recommendations in a Large Urban Teaching Hospital

Conceptualizing the Harm done by Rape

Comparison of trauma on survivors of sexual assault and intimate partner violence in Limpopo

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