RAPD profiling of genetic diversity in two populations of the moss Ceratodon purpureus in Victoria Land, Antarctica

Skotnicki, M. L.; Selkirk, P. M.; Beard, Catherine

doi:10.1007/s003000050231

Cited by 33 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, reduced levels of gene¯ow were detected in the Antarctic nematode Scottnema lindsayae, where multiple rDNA haplotypes were also found in the same population (Courtright et al 2000). Genetic data on other Antarctic soil organisms are available for mosses (using RAPDs), where high levels of genetic variability have been found, but signi®cant genetic divergence was found only between geographically isolated populations separated by 300±500 km (Skotnicki et al 1998;Dale et al 1999). In mosses, however, dispersal by winds and, more locally, by water seems to play an important role as a homogenising force (Skotnicki et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetic variation of mtCOII gene sequences in the collembolan Isotoma klovstadi from Victoria Land, Antarctica: evidence for population differentiation

2001

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The extreme Antarctic environment in¯uences the population structure of soil microarthropods, which are often patchily distributed along the deglaciated coasts. As a consequence of the low dispersal capabilities of these organisms, populations are eectively isolated from one another. We tested the eects of the Antarctic environment on the genetic structure of microarthropod populations by analysing mitochondrial COII gene sequences in 40 individuals from 4 distinct populations of the collembolan Isotoma klovstadi collected in Victoria Land. Eighteen dierent haplotypes were found, 17 of which were only found in single populations. Information derived from the number of haplotypes and their sequence divergence suggests that the populations from Cape Jones and Crater Cirque are the most uniform. We conclude that, although gene¯ow might have been higher in the past, populations of I. klovstadi are presently quite isolated from one another, providing potentially suitable conditions for microspeciation processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetic variation of mtCOII gene sequences in the collembolan Isotoma klovstadi from Victoria Land, Antarctica: evidence for population differentiation

2001

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“…In several species, substantial variation occurs within clumps, such that although paired shoots are typically (though not always) identical, the distance between shoots increases with the decrease in relatedness (Selkirk et al 1998;Skotnicki et al 1998aSkotnicki et al ,b, 1999aSkotnicki et al ,b, 2002Skotnicki et al , 2004Dale et al 1999). This within-clump variation has been attributed to high rates of somatic mutation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variability across life's hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic

Chown

Convey

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

193

197

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Antarctica and its surrounding islands lie at one extreme of global variation in diversity. Typically, these regions are characterized as being species poor and having simple food webs. Here, we show that terrestrial systems in the region are nonetheless characterized by substantial spatial and temporal variations at virtually all of the levels of the genealogical and ecological hierarchies which have been thoroughly investigated. Spatial variation at the individual and population levels has been documented in a variety of genetic studies, and in mosses it appears that UV-B radiation might be responsible for within-clump mutagenesis. At the species level, modern molecular methods have revealed considerable endemism of the Antarctic biota, questioning ideas that small organisms are likely to be ubiquitous and the taxa to which they belong species poor. At the biogeographic level, much of the relatively small ice-free area of Antarctica remains unsurveyed making analyses difficult. Nonetheless, it is clear that a major biogeographic discontinuity separates the Antarctic Peninsula and continental Antarctica, here named the 'Gressitt Line'. Across the Southern Ocean islands, patterns are clearer, and energy availability is an important correlate of indigenous and exotic species richness, while human visitor numbers explain much of the variation in the latter too. Temporal variation at the individual level has much to do with phenotypic plasticity, and considerable lifehistory and physiological plasticity seems to be a characteristic of Antarctic terrestrial species. Environmental unpredictability is an important driver of this trait and has significantly influenced life histories across the region and probably throughout much of the temperate Southern Hemisphere. Rapid climate change-related alterations in the range and abundance of several Antarctic and subAntarctic populations have taken place over the past several decades. In many sub-Antarctic locations, these have been exacerbated by direct and indirect effects of invasive alien species. Interactions between climate change and invasion seem set to become one of the most significant conservation problems in the Antarctic. We conclude that despite the substantial body of work on the terrestrial biodiversity of the Antarctic, investigations of interactions between hierarchical levels remain scarce. Moreover, little of the available information is being integrated into terrestrial conservation planning, which lags far behind in this region by comparison with most others.

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“…The powerful molecular techniques have allowed studying the correspondence between taxonomy and climatic and tectonic events, known glacial refuges, routes of dispersion and colonization of habitat; they can separate different timescales and moss species based on dif ferent markers. Some ef for ts have been made, mainly by , Selkirk et al (1997Selkirk et al ( , 1999, Skotnicki et al (1998aSkotnicki et al ( , 1998b and Bradner et al (2000). According to , the genetic differentiation between nearby populations of Sarconerum glaciale on Ross Island is greater compared with those more distant, which suggest long dispersion distance.…”

Section: New Views On Conservation: the Discussion Of (Niche) Conservmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early knowledge of Antarctica's vegetation: Expanding past and current evidence

Hebel

Galleguillos

Jaña

et al. 2012

Rev. chil. hist. nat.

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To commemorate one hundred years of Roald Amundsen's reaching the South Pole, we provide a summary of early explorations to Antarctica, in which botanists played an almost anonymous role. Based on multiple observations of vegetation they found and recorded, we review the knowledge available at the end of the nineteenth century to compare with contemporary scientifi c beliefs; connecting them with observations we have collected in fi eld-work. Using the aerial photography from the end of the 1950s of sites we visited, it is noted that opportunities are arising for the understanding of colonization phenomena in areas where ice is retreating. Accounts of research on colonization of new ice-free areas are analyzed as well as how molecular genetics attempts to deduce the early settlements. Finally, an analysis of conservation in Antarctica is provided and its outlook discussed.Key words: Amundsen, ice-free areas, moss, niche conservation, Sanionia uncinata. RESUMENAl conmemorar los 100 años de la llegada de Roald Amundsen al polo sur, queremos entregar un resumen de las primeras exploraciones a Antártica, en el cual participaban botánicos en forma casi anónima. Basados en las múltiples observaciones de la vegetación que ellos encontraron y registraron, se revisó el conocimiento disponible al fi nal del siglo diecinueve para compararlo con nuestra visión; relacionándolo con lo que nosotros hemos encontrado ahora en nuestros terrenos. Usando fotografía aérea de fi nales de 1950 de sitios que nosotros hemos visitado, es evidente que nuevas áreas del conocimiento se abren frente a estos fenómenos donde ha retrocedido el hielo. Se señalan las investigaciones que se han desarrollado en el análisis de la colonización de las nuevas áreas libres de hielo y cómo la genética molecular intenta descifrar su establecimiento. Finalmente, se hace un análisis de la conservación en Antártica y se discute sobre las proyecciones de ella.Palabras clave: Amundsen, áreas libres de hielo, conservación de nichos, musgo, Sanionia uncinata.

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RAPD profiling of genetic diversity in two populations of the moss Ceratodon purpureus in Victoria Land, Antarctica

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Genetic variation of mtCOII gene sequences in the collembolan Isotoma klovstadi from Victoria Land, Antarctica: evidence for population differentiation

Genetic variation of mtCOII gene sequences in the collembolan Isotoma klovstadi from Victoria Land, Antarctica: evidence for population differentiation

Spatial and temporal variability across life's hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic

Early knowledge of Antarctica's vegetation: Expanding past and current evidence

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