RAPD based Genetic Diversity of Endangered Himalayan Gray Langur (Semnopithecus ajax) Populations of Pakistan

Minhas, Riaz Aziz; Khan, M. Fahim; Awan, M. S.; Ahmad, Basharat; Bibi, Syda Shaista; Hanif, Mohsin; Mian, Afsar

doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.6.2059.2071

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For ecological data, we obtained 192 occurrence records of the Himalayan langurs (Figure 3a—occurrence data are available from authors on request). Out of these, 79 records were from the field surveys conducted for this study, 58 occurrence records were obtained from previous studies (Khanal et al., 2018; Minhas et al., 2012, 2018) and 55 occurrence records were downloaded from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) database (http://www.gbif.org). For S. entellus , 69 occurrence records were used (Figure 3a), out of these, 21 records were obtained from Nag et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative taxonomy confirms the species status of the Himalayan langurs, Semnopithecus schistaceus Hodgson, 1840

Arekar

Sathyakumar

Karanth

2020

J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res.

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Taxonomy is replete with groups where the species identity and classification remain unresolved. One such group is the widely distributed Hanuman langur (Colobinae: Semnopithecus). For most part of the last century, the Hanuman langur was considered to be a single species with multiple subspecies. Nevertheless, recent studies using an integrative taxonomy approach suggested that this taxon is a complex, with at least three species. However, these studies did not include the Himalayan population of the Hanuman langur whose taxonomic status remains unresolved. The Himalayan population of Hanuman langurs has been classified as a distinct species with multiple subspecies or been subsumed into other species. These classification schemes are wholly based on morphological characters which are sometimes insufficient to delimit different species. Here, we have integrated data from multiple sources viz. morphology, DNA, and ecology to resolve the taxonomy of the Himalayan langur and to understand its distribution limit. Our results with three lines of evidence corresponding to three different species concepts show that Himalayan langur is a species distinct from Semnopithecus entellus of the plains. Additionally, these results did not show any support for splitting of the Himalayan langur into multiple subspecies. Our study supports the classification proposed by Hill (Ceylon Journal of Science, XXI, 1939) and we recommend Semnopithecus schistaceus Hodgson, 1840 as species name for the Himalayan langur and subsume all the known subspecies into it.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative taxonomy confirms the species status of the Himalayan langurs, Semnopithecus schistaceus Hodgson, 1840

Arekar

Sathyakumar

Karanth

2020

J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res.

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“…For ecological data, we obtained 192 occurrence records of the Himalayan langurs (Available with authors on request). Out of these, 79 records were from the field surveys conducted for this study, 58 occurrence records were obtained from previous studies (Khanal et al, 2018; R.A. Minhas et al, 2018; Minhas et al, 2012) and 55 occurrence records were downloaded from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) database (www.gbif.org). For S. entellus , 69 occurrence records were used, out of these, 21 records were obtained from Nag et al (2014) and 48 records were downloaded from GBIF database (www.gbif.org).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative taxonomy confirms the species status of the Himalayan langurs, Semnopithecus schistaceus Hodgson 1840

Arekar

Sathyakumar

Karanth³

2019

Preprint

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7Taxonomy is replete with groups where the species identity and classification remain 8 unresolved. One such group is the widely distributed Hanuman langur (Colobinae: 9 Semnopithecus). For most part of the last century, Hanuman langur was considered to be a 1 0 single species with multiple subspecies. Nevertheless, recent studies using an integrative 1 1 taxonomy approach suggested that this taxon is a complex, with at least three species. 2However, these studies did not include the Himalayan population of the Hanuman langur 1 3 whose taxonomic status remains unresolved. The Himalayan population of Hanuman langurs 1 4 have been classified as a distinct species with multiple subspecies or have been subsumed 1 5 into other species. These classification schemes are wholly based on morphological 1 6 characters and which are sometimes insufficient to delimit different species. Here, we have 1 7integrated data from multiple sources viz. morphology, DNA, and ecology to resolve the 1 8 taxonomy of the Himalayan langur and to understand its distribution limit. Our results with 1 9 three lines of evidence corresponding to three different species concepts show that Himalayan 2 0 langur is a distinct species from S. entellus of the plains. Additionally, these results did not 2 1 show any support for splitting of the Himalayan langur into multiple subspecies. Our study 2 2 supports the classification proposed by Hill (1939) and we recommend Semnopithecus 2 3 schitaceus, Hodgson 1840 as species name for the Himalayan langur and subsume all the 2 4 known subspecies into it. 2 5 2 6

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“…Here we used 217 occurrence records of the Himalayan langurs. Out of these, 104 records were from the field surveys conducted for this study, 58 occurrence records were obtained from previous studies [ 28 , 91 , 92 ] and 55 occurrence records were downloaded from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) database ( www.gbif.org ). The occurrence records will be made available upon request.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geography vs. past climate: the drivers of population genetic structure of the Himalayan langur

et al. 2022

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Background Contemporary species distribution, genetic diversity and evolutionary history in many taxa are shaped by both historical and current climate as well as topography. The Himalayas show a huge variation in topography and climatic conditions across its entire range, and have experienced major climatic fluctuations in the past. However, very little is known regarding how this heterogenous landscape has moulded the distribution of Himalayan fauna. A recent study examined the effect of these historical events on the genetic diversity of the Himalayan langurs in Nepal Himalaya. However, this study did not include the samples from the Indian Himalayan region (IHR). Therefore, here we revisit the questions addressed in the previous study with a near complete sampling from the IHR, along with the samples from the Nepal Himalaya. We used the mitochondrial Cytochrome-b (Cyt-b, 746 bp) region combined with multiple phylogeographic analyses and palaeodistribution modelling. Results Our dataset contained 144 sequences from the IHR as well as the Nepal Himalaya. Phylogenetic analysis showed a low divergent western clade nested within high divergent group of eastern lineages and in the network analysis we identified 22 haplotypes over the entire distribution range of the Himalayan langurs. Samples from the Nepal Himalaya showed geographically structured haplotypes corresponding to different river barriers, whereas samples from IHR showed star-like topology with no structure. Our statistical phylogeography analysis using diyABC supported the model of east to west colonisation of these langurs with founder event during colonisation. Analysis of demographic history showed that the effective population size of the Himalayan langurs decreased at the onset of last glacial maximum (LGM) and started increasing post LGM. The palaeodistribution modelling showed that the extent of suitable habitat shifted from low elevation central Nepal, and adjoining parts of north India, during LGM to the western Himalaya at present. Conclusion The current genetic diversity and distribution of Himalayan langurs in the Nepal Himalaya has been shaped by river barriers, whereas the rivers in the IHR had relatively less time to act as a strong genetic barrier after the recent colonisation event. Further, the post LGM expansion could have had confounding effect on Himalayan langur population structure in both Nepal Himalaya and IHR.

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RAPD based Genetic Diversity of Endangered Himalayan Gray Langur (Semnopithecus ajax) Populations of Pakistan

Abstract: Authors' Contribution RAM designed the study, collected field data, extracted genome and wrote the article. MH and SSB amplified the primers. BA and MSA statistically analyzed the data. MNK and AM supervised the study and revised the manuscript.

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Integrative taxonomy confirms the species status of the Himalayan langurs, Semnopithecus schistaceus Hodgson, 1840

Integrative taxonomy confirms the species status of the Himalayan langurs, Semnopithecus schistaceus Hodgson, 1840

Integrative taxonomy confirms the species status of the Himalayan langurs, Semnopithecus schistaceus Hodgson 1840

Geography vs. past climate: the drivers of population genetic structure of the Himalayan langur

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