“…Many recent EMO algorithms originate from this motivation, introducing a variety of new criteria to distinguish between individuals, e.g., average ranking [52,70], fuzzy Pareto optimality [37,39], subspace partition [2,51], preference-inspired rank [88,87], grid-based rank [70,92], distance-based rank [32,71,91], and density adjustment strategies [1,66]. These methods provide ample alternatives to deal with many-objective optimization problems, despite some having the risk of leading the population to concentrate in one or several sub-areas of the whole Pareto front [50,67,81,65].…”