Ranking Animal Carcinogens: A Proposed Regulatory Approach

Squire, Robert A.

doi:10.1126/science.7302565

Cited by 296 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Aflatoxins are the most important mycotoxins that are produced mainly by Aspergillus Flavus and Aspergillus Parasiticus (42), and they are mainly produced by the aspergillus species (43)(44)(45). There are four types of aflatoxins named B1, B2, G1, and G2 and can be categorized based on two characteristics: Their fluorescence color under uv light (whether it is blue or green), and their mobility during TLC (41).…”

Section: The Chemical and Physical Nature Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The chemical nature of most of the mycotoxins makes them highly liposoluble compounds that can be absorbed from the site of exposure such as from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract to the blood stream where it can be dissimilated throughout the body and reach different organs such as the liver and kidneys. Mycotoxins have a strong tendency and ability to penetrate the human and animal cells and reach the cellular genome where it causes a major mutagenic change in the nucleotide sequence which leads to strong and permanent defects in the genome. This defect will eventually be transcribed, translated and lead to the development of cancer. In this review, the chemical and physical nature of mycotoxins, the action of mycotoxins on the cellular genome and its effect on humans, mycotoxins and their carcinogenicity and mycotoxins research gaps are discussed, and new research areas are suggested. The research review posed various questions. What are the different mycotoxins that can cause cancer, what is the role of mycotoxins in causing cancer and what types of cancers can be caused by mycotoxins? These questions have been selected due to the significant increase in the mycotoxin contamination and the cancer incidence rate in the contemporary world. By revealing and understanding the role of mycotoxins in developing cancer, measures to reduce the risks and incidents of cancer could be taken.

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Section: The Chemical and Physical Nature Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer

et al. 2017

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“…22 Among the many secondary metabolites produced by A. flavus, aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic and potent hepatocarcinogenic natural compound ever characterized. 23 Consumption of aflatoxins can cause liver damage including acute hepatitis, immunosuppression, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 24 The primary assembly of the A. flavus genome indicates that it consists of eight chromosomes and is 36.3 Mb in size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Alternative Splice Variants at the Proteome Level in Aspergillus flavus

et al. 2010

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Identification of proteins from proteolytic peptides or intact proteins plays an essential role in proteomics. Researchers use search engines to match the acquired peptide sequences to the target proteins. However, search engines depend on protein databases to provide candidates for consideration. Alternative splicing (AS), the mechanism where the exon of pre-mRNAs can be spliced and rearranged to generate distinct mRNA and therefore protein variants, enable higher eukaryotic organisms, with only a limited number of genes, to have the requisite complexity and diversity at the proteome level. Multiple alternative isoforms from one gene often share common segments of sequences. However, many protein databases only include a limited number of isoforms to keep minimal redundancy. As a result, the database search might not identify a target protein even with high quality tandem MS data and accurate intact precursor ion mass. We computationally predicted an exhaustive list of putative isoforms of Aspergillus flavus proteins from 20 371 expressed sequence tags to investigate whether an alternative splicing protein database can assign a greater proportion of mass spectrometry data. The newly constructed AS database provided 9807 new alternatively spliced variants in addition to 12 832 previously annotated proteins. The searches of the existing tandem MS spectra data set using the AS database identified 29 new proteins encoded by 26 genes. Nine fungal genes appeared to have multiple protein isoforms. In addition to the discovery of splice variants, AS database also showed potential to improve genome annotation. In summary, the introduction of an alternative splicing database helps identify more proteins and unveils more information about a proteome.

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“…A AFB 1 é considerada o mais potente carcinógeno natural conhecido e, usualmente, é o análogo produzido em maior quantidade pelas cepas toxigênicas (SQUIRE, 1981).…”

Section: Mecanismo De Açãounclassified

Impacto das Fumonisinas, Aflatoxinas e Ocratoxina A na Avicultura

Bordini¹,

Rossi²,

Hirooka³

et al. 2013

BBR

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Brazil is the third largest producer of poultry in the world and the leading exporter. However, mycotoxin contamination in corn and feed can cause serious economic losses to the poultry industry. Mycotoxins have been linked to several poultry diseases and, when metabolized may occur in meat and eggs and are an additional source for human contamination. Therefore, continuous monitoring of mycotoxin levels in the feed producing chain is essential to increase productivity, ensure poultry product quality and minimize human health hazards. The aim of this study was to revise the main aspects of mycotoxins (fumonisin, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A), including the producing fungi, the biosynthesis pathway, the toxicological effects in poultry and occurrence in corn and poultry feed Keywords: fumonisins, aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, chicken, corn RESUMOO Brasil é o terceiro produtor mundial de aves e o líder em exportações. No entanto, a contaminação de milho e rações por micotoxinas pode acarretar grandes perdas econômicas à avicultura. As micotoxinas estão associadas a diversos efeitos tóxicos em aves e, ao serem metabolizadas, podem ocorrer em carne e ovos, constituindo um risco para a saúde humana. Portanto, o monitoramento contínuo de micotoxinas na cadeia produtiva de rações é essencial para aumentar a produtividade, assegurar a qualidade do produto e minimizar os riscos à saúde humana. Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar os principais aspectos das micotoxinas (fumonisinas, aflatoxinas e ocratoxina A), incluindo os fungos produtores, via de biossíntese, efeitos toxicológicos em aves e a ocorrência em milho e rações de aves.Palavras-chave: fumonisinas, aflatoxinas, ocratoxina A, aves, rações BBR -Biochemistry and Biotechnology Reports

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Ranking Animal Carcinogens: A Proposed Regulatory Approach

Cited by 296 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer

Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer

Detection of Alternative Splice Variants at the Proteome Level in Aspergillus flavus

Impacto das Fumonisinas, Aflatoxinas e Ocratoxina A na Avicultura

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