Ranging RFID Tags With Ultrasound

Carotenuto, Riccardo; Merenda, Massimo; Iero, Demetrio; Corte, Francesco G. Della

doi:10.1109/jsen.2018.2806564

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Finally, at the bottom of Figure 3 , it is possible to see the results of the estimate of the distance R* using the usual technique based on the search for the maximum position of the cross-correlation peak (τ MAX ) [ 16 , 32 ], which, in favorable conditions, produces the correct estimate of the TOA and, from this, the estimate of the range R*, considering:

where c air (m/s) is the speed of sound in the air, and T (°C) is the ambient temperature. In particular, the estimate of the range estimate R* is computed as follows:

where τ MAX is the lag of the maximum peak, and R cal is a calibration constant that takes into account all the fixed delays of the considered system.…”

Section: Simulations Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, the arrival time of the maximum peak of the envelope of an ultrasonic pulse is used. However, despite the simplicity of this technique, it is highly subject to acoustic disturbances, with errors in the order of wavelengths (centimeters) even in the presence of a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods based on cross-correlation estimate the TOA with high accuracy and, in general, good acoustical noise immunity [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Digital cross-correlation techniques properly sample and analog-to-digital convert the received acoustical signal to obtain the array C = S ★ T, where S is the numerical array of received signal samples, T is the digital reference signal, previously stored in the sensor processor memory as a numerical array of samples, and ★ denotes the cross-correlation operator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practical systems, it is possible to achieve a range resolution up to the order of one-tenth of the wavelength used. For example, in [ 16 ], a range resolution of ± 1.2 mm was experimentally achieved using a 15–40-kHz chirp, with a wavelength range 22.86–8.57 mm, considering a sampling frequency of 1 MHz and, thus, space sampling of 0.34 mm with a sound speed of 343 m/s. When the signal and noise are uncorrelated, cross-correlation significantly increases the SNR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating Signal Aberration and Ranging Error for Ultrasonic Indoor Positioning

Carotenuto

Merenda

Iero

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Increasing efforts toward the development of positioning techniques testify the growing interest for indoor position-based applications and services. Many applications require accurate indoor positioning or tracking of people and assets, and some market sectors are starting a rapid growth of products based on these technologies. Ultrasonic systems have already been demonstrating their effectiveness and to possess the desired positioning accuracy and refresh rates. In this work, it is shown that a typical signal used in ultrasonic positioning systems to estimate the range between the target and reference points—namely, the linear chirp—due to the effects of acoustic diffraction, in some cases, undergoes a shape aberration, depending on the shape and size of the transducer and on the angle under which the transducer is seen by the receiver. In the presence of such signal shape aberrations, even one of the most robust ranging techniques, which is based on cross-correlation, provides results affected by a much greater error than expected. Numerical simulations are carried out for a typical ultrasonic chirp, ultrasonic emitter, and range technique based on cross-correlation and for a typical office room, obtained using the academic acoustic simulation software Field II. Spatial distributions of the ranging error are provided, clearly showing the favorable low error regions. The work demonstrates that particular attention must be paid to the design of the acoustic section of the ultrasonic positioning systems, considering both the shape and size of the ultrasonic emitters and the shape of the acoustic signal used.

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where c air (m/s) is the speed of sound in the air, and T (°C) is the ambient temperature. In particular, the estimate of the range estimate R* is computed as follows:

where τ MAX is the lag of the maximum peak, and R cal is a calibration constant that takes into account all the fixed delays of the considered system.…”

Section: Simulations Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Simulating Signal Aberration and Ranging Error for Ultrasonic Indoor Positioning

Carotenuto

Merenda

Iero

et al. 2020

Sensors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The cost of UWB-based systems is relatively high, and smartphone sensors often cannot meet the bandwidth required by the system [1,2]. Ultrasound-based systems also cannot be implemented on smartphones because the signal frequency band often is outside the acceptance range of the mobile phone microphone [3,4,5,6,7]. Although WiFi and Bluetooth-based systems are easy to set up due to the wide application of WiFi and Bluetooth, the positioning accuracy of both these systems can only reach the meter level [2,8], which cannot satisfy the needs of high-precision indoor positioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Indoor Localization System Integrating TDMA+FDMA Transmission Scheme and Positioning Correction Technique

Chen

Cao

et al. 2019

Sensors

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This paper presents a novel audio indoor localization system. In the proposed system, four speakers placed at known positions transmit chirp signals according to the time-division multiple access (TDMA) plus frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) transmission scheme. A smartphone receives the signal via a built-in microphone and calculates the time differences of arrival (TDOAs). Using TDOA measurements, the position is estimated by the shrinking-circle method. In particular, to reduce the positioning error in moving conditions, a TDOA correction method based on Doppler shifts is proposed. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated in real-world experiments using a 10.971 m × 5.684 m positioning area. The results of the static-target positioning experiment showed that the TDMA+FDMA transmission scheme has more advantages in improving the update rate of the positioning system than the TDMA-only transmission scheme. The results of the moving-target positioning experiment under three different speeds demonstrated that the positioning errors were reduced by about 10 cm when the Doppler-shift-based TDOA correction method was adopted. This research provides a possible framework for the realization of a TDOA-chirp-based acoustic indoor positioning system with high positioning accuracy and update rate.

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A hybrid kernel function approach for acoustic reconstruction of temperature distribution

Xiong

et al. 2020

Measurement

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Ranging RFID Tags With Ultrasound

Cited by 43 publications

References 35 publications

Simulating Signal Aberration and Ranging Error for Ultrasonic Indoor Positioning

Simulating Signal Aberration and Ranging Error for Ultrasonic Indoor Positioning

Acoustic Indoor Localization System Integrating TDMA+FDMA Transmission Scheme and Positioning Correction Technique

A hybrid kernel function approach for acoustic reconstruction of temperature distribution

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