Range Plant Development In Utah: A Historical View

Harrison, R. Deane; Chatterton, N. J.; McArthur, E. Durant; Ogle, Dan; Asay, K. H.; Waldron, Blair L.

doi:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v25i4_harrison

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In 2006 the Utah Legislature passed HB 145, the Rangeland Improvement Act. 4 The bill created the Grazing Improvement Program (GIP), along with a State Grazing Advisory Board and Regional Grazing Advisory Boards. The state and regional Grazing Advisory Boards give a voice to grassroots private and public grazing land managers and attracted strong support from the Utah Farm Bureau, Utah Cattlemen's Association, Utah Farmer's Union, Utah Woolgrowers Association, rural county commissioners, the Utah Association of Conservation Districts, and others.…”

Section: History Of Utahs Grazing Improvement Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

The History and Overview of Utah's Grazing Improvement Program

Longmore

Forrest²

2016

Rangelands

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On the Ground • Livestock numbers have been declining since the early 1930s but many of the same resource concerns are still present today. • We must change the way we think about and manage livestock on our own in order to restore and maintain sustainable range resources. • The Utah Department of Agriculture and Foods Grazing Improvement Program reaches across land ownership and jurisdictional boundaries to foster collaboration among private, federal, and state interests to implement sound grazing management practices that improve rangeland and watershed health. • The Grazing Improvement Program focuses on three main principles: • Time (the duration of grazing), timing (the season of use), frequency (how often the same plant is grazed), and intensity (amount of forage removed); • Managing plant succession through grazing, mechanical, fire, chemical, and other means to enhance diversity and production (diversity = sustainability); • Monitoring and adaptive management (you cannot manage what you do not measure).

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Section: History Of Utahs Grazing Improvement Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

The History and Overview of Utah's Grazing Improvement Program

Longmore

Forrest²

2016

Rangelands

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“…Crested wheatgrass also has become the most important domestic grass in the arid intermountain West of the United States. In the intermountain West, excessive and unregulated livestock grazing by sheep and cattle in the late 1800s and early 1900s led to severe rangeland degradation and to a change in the vegetation community (Harrison et al 2003). By 1932, the vegetation in the some areas of the Great Basin region had changed from 49 to 81% perennial grass and 10% sagebrush to mainly sagebrush ground cover (Harrison et al 2003).…”

Section: The Success Storymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this region, many of the native cool-season plants do not tolerate heavy grazing (Asay and Jensen 1996). Crested wheatgrasses were found to be well adapted in trials that began in the late 1930s (Harrison et al 2003). The annual poisonous forb, halogeton became a serious threat to livestock on intermountain rangelands during the 1940s.…”

Section: The Success Storymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crested wheatgrass will need to be used in the intermountain West of the USA and Canada for noxious weed control. Invasion of rangelands by the annual bromegrass, Bromus tectorum L., or cheatgrass have created severe problems including rangeland fires that in the state of Utah alone burn almost 60,000 hectares annually (Harrison et al 2003). Plants that can be used to control cheatgrass and other noxious weeds are needed, although vigorous cultivars such as Hycrest can effectively compete against noxious weeds such as cheatgrass and halogeton.…”

Section: The Alien Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Humans, Climate, and Plants: the Migration of Crested Wheatgrass and Smooth Bromegrass to the Great Plains of North America

Vogel

2004

Biological Resources and Migration

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The cultivation practices that were used in Europe and the eastern half of North America were utilized in the initial settlement of the Great Plains. Unfamiliarity with the climate of the Great Plains and Midwest and insufficient knowledge and technology to adapt crop production systems to the soils and climate lead to a major agriculture disaster which resulted in millions of hectares of land that needed to be re-seeded to grasses. Unrestricted grazing on public lands in the intermountain west resulted in severe rangeland degradation. Lack of knowledge and technology for using native plants and some specific characteristics of native plants that made them difficult to use resulted in the use of crested wheatgrasses and smooth bromegrass which had characteristics that met specific revegetation and production requirements. Crested wheatgrass and smooth bromegrass plant materials were from regions that were climatic analogs of the Great Plains and were adapted. These two grasses literally preserved the remaining top soil on millions of hectares of land. In the subsequent half-century, agronomist, geneticists, and rangeland scientists have learned how to establish and manage native grasses such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] and others so they are now available for use in revegetation. Although native grasses are available for use in the Great Plains and the Midwest of North America, crested wheatgrass and smooth bromegrass are now naturalized North American species and will continue to be vital to the economy of the USA and Canada. Their forage production patterns fits gaps in the forage production cycle for ruminant livestock that cannot be adequately met by native species in regions where bromegrass and crested wheatgrasses are well adapted. D. Werner (ed.

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“…Later range science gained a permanent place in the Forest Service with the establishment of the Great Basin Experinlcntal Station after repeated devastating floods in Utah were blamed on range degradation, primarily by sheep (11). The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) arose froin the dust of the 1930s, when Congress finally addressed decades of land abuse by placing administration of the remaining unsold western lands into the hands of a newly formed Grazing Service staffed by graduates of the fledgling range management pro, crams at western universities.…”

Section: By Mark W Brunsonmentioning

confidence: 99%