Randomized, prospective study of cyanoacrylate injection, sclerotherapy, or rubber band ligation for endoscopic hemostasis of bleeding canine gastric varices

Endoscopic hemostasis for bleeding gastric varices treated by combination of variceal ligation and sclerotherapy with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate

“…In emergent treatment of esophageal varices, EVL has resulted in fewer treatmentrelated complications and better survival rates than EIS, 22 because EVL achieves obliteration of esophageal varices more rapidly and easily than EIS. 9,23 In controlling active bleeding from gastric varices, a cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive injection has been proved to be effective. 19-21 A few reports have indicated the effi cacy of EVL for gastric varices, and its advantage in emergent hemostasis of bleeding gastric varices is that vital signs are quickly stabilized and hemostasis can be visualized.…”

“…1 The frequency of bleeding from gastric varices is lower than that from esophageal varices, but can be extremely severe. [2][3][4][5][6] Despite many advances, including surgical 7 and endoscopic approaches, [8][9][10] in the management of active bleeding from gastric varices, ideal fi rst-choice therapies are still a great challenge because of massive bleeding 6,11,12 and complications. [13][14] Variable success with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) using various sclerosants for variceal bleeding has been reported.…”

Management of rectal varices in portal hypertension

“…EBL has also been used in treatment of gastric varices. However, its efficacy in this regard is equivocal [32,33] . In 1996, Kojima et al [34] used EBL in the management of bleeding rectal varices.…”

Gastric Variceal Obliteration By Cyanoacrylate Glue Injection

“…Rubber band ligation or sclerotherapy are not effective enough to control GVs related bleeding like OVs related bleeding 2 . Non-endoscopic methods, such as trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), balloon occluded retrograde trans-venous obliteration (BORTO) and surgical portosystemic shunts are effective but expansive, highly technical and not available in Bangladesh 3 . Moreover emergency shunt carries a high rate of postoperative mortality.…”

“…Moreover emergency shunt carries a high rate of postoperative mortality. The discovery of tissue adhesive cyanoacrylate has changed the management of gastric variceal bleeding since 1980s 3 . A successfully completed gastric variceal obliteration (GVO) by applying intravariceal injection of cyanoacrylate glue is reported in this paper.…”