Randomized Controlled Trial of a MUFA or Fiber-Rich Diet on Hepatic Fat in Prediabetes

Errazuriz, Isabel; Dube, Simmi; Slama, Michael; Visentin, Roberto; Nayar, Sunita; O’Connor, Helen M.; Cobelli, Claudio; Das, Swapan K.; Basu, Ananda; Kremers, Walter K.; Port, John D.; Basu, Rita

doi:10.1210/jc.2016-3722

Cited by 68 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In a randomized, double‐blind clinical trial, the consumption of 20 g/d of olive oil attenuated the fatty liver grade in NAFLD patients . Finally, a randomized trial in prediabetic patients with an isocaloric diet rich in EVOO, reported a decrease in liver fat and an improvement in both hepatic and total insulin sensitivity …”

Section: From Major Foods Groups To Dietary Patterns: Evidence From Nmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…7 Finally, a randomized trial in prediabetic patients with an isocaloric diet rich in EVOO, reported a decrease in liver fat and an improvement in both hepatic and total insulin sensitivity. 23 Because people consume different amounts of various food groups and because of the limited number of large clinical trials, in some cases the impact of different foods are not clear, for example dairy products, coffee and rice. The results of studies on the consumption of dairy products were inconclusive in relation to NAFLD 20 while those on coffee were contradictory (Figure 1).…”

Section: Relationship Between Food Group Intake and Non-alcoholic Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of nutrition in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathophysiology and management

Berná

Romero–Gómez

2020

Liver International

159

130

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A healthy diet together with physical activity could induce weight loss and control the progression of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the composition of diet has not been clearly established. Macronutrients such as saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans‐fats, simple sugars and animal proteins have a harmful effect on the liver. On the other hand, monounsaturated fats (MUFAs), polyunsaturated (PUFAs) omega‐3‐fats, plant‐based proteins and dietary fibres are considered to be beneficial to the liver. The impact of specific micronutrients is less well‐known. Nutrients are part of the food we eat. Food makes up our meals, which compose our dietary patterns. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients usually follow Western diets which are rich in soda, frozen junk food, juice, red meat, lard, processed meats, whole fat dairy foods, fatty snack foods, take‐away foods, cakes and biscuits and poor in cereals, whole grains, fruit, vegetables, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and fish. On the other hand, the Mediterranean diet (MD) is beneficial for NAFLD even when it is iso‐caloric or there are no changes in body weight. A new approach, called ‘nutritional geometry’ considers the importance of integrating nutrition, animals and the environment. The goal of this approach is to combine nutrients and foods in a model to understand how food components interact to regulate the properties of diets affecting health and disease. The use of algorithms developed by artificial intelligence (AI) to create a personalized diet for patients can provide customized nutritional counselling to prevent and treat NAFLD.

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Section: From Major Foods Groups To Dietary Patterns: Evidence From Nmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Relationship Between Food Group Intake and Non-alcoholic Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of nutrition in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathophysiology and management

Berná

Romero–Gómez

2020

Liver International

159

130

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“…Recent studies have shown large inter-individual variation in response to a meal ( 134 ), which may also explain why individuals respond differently to the same dietary intervention. Indeed, in recent years, several studies have demonstrated that the macronutrient quality and quantity in the diet can lead to a differential response, depending on the individual's metabolic phenotype ( 11 , 12 , 14 , 75 , 135 , 136 ). More specifically, this response may be dependent on liver- or muscle-IR, ectopic fat content, age, ethnicity, sex, and likely other factors that have not been studied extensively thus far.…”

Section: Differential Effect Of Macronutrients On Ectopic Fat In Distmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diet and physical activity are key modifiable risk factors that play a significant role in the development, progression and reversal of IR and ectopic fat accumulation ( 5 , 10 ). Related to the diet, not only caloric intake, but also the macronutrient quantity and quality of the diet may affect insulin sensitivity, which may be mediated by changes in ectopic fat accumulation ( 11 – 14 ). Interestingly, however, recent evidence has shown that the metabolic phenotype of an individual seems to contribute to the inter-individual differences in response to dietary intervention ( 13 , 15 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic Fat Accumulation in Distinct Insulin Resistant Phenotypes; Targets for Personalized Nutritional Interventions

et al. 2018

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Cardiometabolic diseases are one of the leading causes for disability and mortality in the Western world. The prevalence of these chronic diseases is expected to rise even further in the next decades. Insulin resistance (IR) and related metabolic disturbances are linked to ectopic fat deposition, which is the storage of excess lipids in metabolic organs such as liver and muscle. Notably, a vicious circle exists between IR and ectopic fat, together increasing the risk for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Nutrition is a key-determining factor for both IR and ectopic fat deposition. The macronutrient composition of the diet may impact metabolic processes related to ectopic fat accumulation and IR. Interestingly, however, the metabolic phenotype of an individual may determine the response to a certain diet. Therefore, population-based nutritional interventions may not always lead to the most optimal (cardiometabolic) outcomes at the individual level, and differences in the metabolic phenotype may underlie conflicting findings related to IR and ectopic fat in dietary intervention studies. Detailed metabolic phenotyping will help to better understand the complex relationship between diet and metabolic regulation, and to optimize intervention outcomes. A subgroup-based approach that integrates, among others, tissue-specific IR, cardiometabolic parameters, anthropometrics, gut microbiota, age, sex, ethnicity, and psychological factors may thereby increase the efficacy of dietary interventions. Nevertheless, the implementation of more personalized nutrition may be complex, costly, and time consuming. Future studies are urgently warranted to obtain insight into a more personalized approach to nutritional interventions, taking into account the metabolic phenotype to ultimately improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk for cardiometabolic diseases.

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“…Moreover, it is characterized by the use of olive oil as the main source of added fat and by a moderate consumption of alcohol during meals (mainly wine). Accordingly, the MedDiet provides plenty of nutrients and bioactive compounds that have been related to the prevention or amelioration of NAFLD, such as PUFAs [ 54 ], MUFAs [ 55 , 56 ], fibre [ 57 , 58 ], low-glycaemic index carbohydrates [ 59 ], vitamins [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ], polyphenols [ 60 , 64 ], terpenes [ 65 , 66 ] and probiotics [ 67 , 68 ]. From a mechanistic point of view and as evidenced both in animal and human studies, the hepatic fat-lowering effects of PUFAs (specially n- 3) could be mainly due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties, to the up-regulation of hepatic lipolysis and fat oxidation and to the down-regulation of hepatic lipogenesis [ 60 , 69 , 70 ].…”

Section: Meddiet and Fatty Liver Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet and Multi-Ingredient-Based Interventions for the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2017

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a wide spectrum of hepatic disorders, from simple steatosis to hepatic necro-inflammation leading to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although the prevalence of these multifactorial pathologies is continuously increasing in the population, there is still not an established methodology for their treatment other than weight loss and a change in lifestyle habits, such as a hypocaloric diet and physical exercise. In this framework, there is increasing evidence that several food bioactives and dietary patterns are effective for reversing and preventing the onset of these pathologies. Some studies have claimed that better responses are obtained when treatments are performed under a multifaceted approach, using different bioactive compounds that act against complementary targets. Thus, in this work, current strategies for treating NAFLD and NASH based on multi-ingredient-based supplements or the Mediterranean diet, a dietary pattern rich in bioactive compounds, are reviewed. Furthermore, the usefulness of omics techniques to design effective multi-ingredient nutritional interventions and to predict and monitor their response against these disorders is also discussed.

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Randomized Controlled Trial of a MUFA or Fiber-Rich Diet on Hepatic Fat in Prediabetes

Abstract: Twelve weeks of a MUFA diet decreases hepatic fat and improves both hepatic and total insulin sensitivity.

Cited by 68 publications

References 35 publications

The role of nutrition in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathophysiology and management

The role of nutrition in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathophysiology and management

Ectopic Fat Accumulation in Distinct Insulin Resistant Phenotypes; Targets for Personalized Nutritional Interventions

Mediterranean Diet and Multi-Ingredient-Based Interventions for the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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