Randomized controlled trial of a parenting program to reduce the risk of child maltreatment in South Africa

Lachman, Jamie M.; Cluver, Lucie; Ward, Catherine L.; Hutchings, Judy; Mlotshwa, Sindisiwe; Wessels, Inge; Gardner, Frances

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.08.014

Cited by 80 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The data were analyzed using the framework approach, which was designed for applied policy research and is particularly suitable for research with specific questions focused on a priori issues. 30 The framework approach involves a five step process: (1) reading and rereading the transcripts, (2) identifying themes and subthemes and constructing an index of codes grouped into categories, (3) applying the codes to the individual transcripts, (4) rearranging the data in charts of each theme and/or subtheme with entries for each respondent under each theme, and (5) examining the charts to identify the key characteristics of the data. One research assistant applied the codes to the data and prepared the thematic charts.…”

Section: Qualitative Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Training young children's caregivers in appropriate child behavior management strategies and in how to provide a secure and nurturing environment can reduce harsh caregiving and reduce violence against children . There are a number of recent studies of violence prevention programs implemented with parents of young children in low‐ and middle‐income countries . However, less focus has been given to school‐based violence prevention programs in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), especially in the early childhood years .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 There are a number of recent studies of violence prevention programs implemented with parents of young children in low-and middle-income countries. 3,4 However, less focus has been given to school-based violence prevention programs in low-and middleincome countries (LMICs), especially in the early childhood years. 5 Evidence from high-income countries indicates that universal, school-based violence prevention programs implemented in the early primary grades, lead to significant reductions in children's aggressive and disruptive behavior and increases in child competencies with benefits sustained into adolescence and adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Irie Classroom Toolbox: developing a violence prevention, preschool teacher training program using evidence, theory, and practice

Baker‐Henningham

2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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In this paper, I describe the development of the Irie Classroom Toolbox, a school-based violence prevention, teacher training program for use with children aged 3-6 years. In-depth interviews were conducted with Jamaican preschool teachers, who had participated in a trial of a classroom behavior management program, at posttest (n = 35) and 5 years later (n = 20). An on-going process evaluation was also conducted. Teachers' preferred behavior management strategies and training methods were documented, and enablers and barriers to implementation were identified. Teachers were most likely to adopt strategies that they liked, found easy to use, and were effective. These included paying attention to positive behavior and explicitly teaching children the expected behavior. Teachers preferred active, hands-on training strategies based on social-cognitive theories. Enablers to intervention implementation included positive teacher-facilitator relationships, choice, collaborative problem solving, teachers recognizing benefits of the intervention, group support, and provision of materials. Barriers to intervention implementation were also identified. These data were integrated with behavior change theory (i.e., the behavior change wheel and theoretical domains framework) to develop an intervention grounded in common core elements of evidence-based programs while also utilizing teachers' perspectives. The resulting program is a low cost, adaptable intervention that should be suitable for training preschool teachers in other low-resource settings.

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Section: Qualitative Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Irie Classroom Toolbox: developing a violence prevention, preschool teacher training program using evidence, theory, and practice

Baker‐Henningham

2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…The program was tested in a pilot RCT, which suggested that although the program had promise, revisions might strengthen its impact and feasibility (Lachman, Cluver, et al., ; Lachman et al., ). Content on positive reinforcement and discipline was subsequently refined, and additional training was provided to facilitators to strengthen competency in the collaborative process and in understanding social learning theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting for Lifelong Health for Young Children: a randomized controlled trial of a parenting program in South Africa to prevent harsh parenting and child conduct problems

Ward

Wessels

Lachman

et al. 2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background Parenting programs suitable for delivery at scale in low‐resource contexts are urgently needed. We conducted a randomized trial of Parenting for Lifelong Health (PLH) for Young Children, a low‐cost 12‐session program designed to increase positive parenting and reduce harsh parenting and conduct problems in children aged 2–9. Methods Two hundred and ninety‐six caregivers, whose children showed clinical levels of conduct problems (Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory Problem Score, >15), were randomly assigned using a 1:1 ratio to intervention or control groups. At t0, and at 4–5 months (t1) and 17 months (t2) after randomization, research assistants blind to group assignment assessed (through caregiver self‐report and structured observation) 11 primary outcomes: positive parenting, harsh parenting, and child behavior; four secondary outcomes: parenting stress, caregiver depression, poor monitoring/supervision, and social support. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02165371); Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR201402000755243); Violence Prevention Trials Register (http://www.preventviolence.info/Trials?ID=24). Results Caregivers attended on average 8.4 sessions. After adjustment for 30 comparisons, strongest results were as follows: at t1, frequency of self‐reported positive parenting strategies (10% higher in the intervention group, p = .003), observed positive parenting (39% higher in the intervention group, p = .003), and observed positive child behavior (11% higher in the intervention group, p = .003); at t2, both observed positive parenting and observed positive child behavior were higher in the intervention group (24%, p = .003; and 17%, p = .003, respectively). Results with p‐values < .05 prior to adjustment were as follows: At t1, the intervention group self‐reported 11% fewer child problem behaviors, 20% fewer problems with implementing positive parenting strategies, and less physical and psychological discipline (28% and 14% less, respectively). There were indications that caregivers reported 20% less depression but 7% more parenting stress at t1. Group differences were nonsignificant for observed negative child behavior, and caregiver‐reported child behavior, poor monitoring or supervision, and caregiver social support. Conclusions PLH for Young Children shows promise for increasing positive parenting and reducing harsh parenting.

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“…In the area of child maltreatment, parent training programs including parent-infant home-visiting programs and group parent-training programs for parents of older children, have demonstrated effectiveness for reducing child maltreatment in other contexts [ 61 , 62 ]. Importantly, several parent training programs have demonstrated cost-effectiveness for reducing child maltreatment in high-income countries such as the USA and are showing promise in South Africa [ 63 , 64 ]. Such programs should urgently be introduced into low- and middle-income contexts, such as South Africa, and their cost-effectiveness investigated in the new contexts, as a tool for advocating with governments for their use.…”

Section: Conclusion and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Child Maltreatment with South African Adults’ Wages: Evidence from the Cape Area Panel Study

et al. 2018

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Child maltreatment is a prevalent public health problem in both developed and developing countries. While many studies have investigated the relationship between violence against children and health of the victims, little is known about the long term economic consequences of child maltreatment, especially in developing countries. Using data from the Cape Area Panel Study, this paper applies Heckman selection models to investigate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and young adults’ wages in South Africa. The results show that, on average, any experience of physical or emotional abuse during childhood is associated with a later 12% loss of young adults’ wages. In addition, the correlation between physical abuse and economic consequence (14%) is more significant than the relationship between emotional abuse and wages (8%) of young adults; and the higher the frequency of maltreatment, the greater the associations with wages. With respect to gender differences, wage loss due to the experience of childhood maltreatment is larger for females than males. Specifically, males’ wages are more sensitive to childhood emotional abuse, while females’ wages are more likely to be affected by childhood physical abuse. These results emphasize the importance of prioritizing investments in prevention and intervention programs to reduce the prevalence of child maltreatment and to help victims better overcome the long-term negative effect.

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Randomized controlled trial of a parenting program to reduce the risk of child maltreatment in South Africa

Cited by 80 publications

References 76 publications

The Irie Classroom Toolbox: developing a violence prevention, preschool teacher training program using evidence, theory, and practice

The Irie Classroom Toolbox: developing a violence prevention, preschool teacher training program using evidence, theory, and practice

Parenting for Lifelong Health for Young Children: a randomized controlled trial of a parenting program in South Africa to prevent harsh parenting and child conduct problems

Association of Child Maltreatment with South African Adults’ Wages: Evidence from the Cape Area Panel Study

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