In the era of drug-eluting stents, the provisional stenting strategy has been established as the default strategy in percutaneous coronary intervention for bifurcation lesions. However, emerging evidence shows that, in selected situations, the complex strategy of stenting both vessels regardless could reduce side-branch restenosis without penalty. In particular, the double kissing crush technique has been proven to outperform the provisional strategy and other complex strategies in randomized trials. In this review, we present the evidence comparing the 2 strategies and individual stenting techniques and discuss the roles of other optimization techniques such as final kissing balloon inflation, proximal optimization technique, intravascular ultrasonography, and optical coherence tomography. Finally, we suggest a practical approach for choosing the optimal strategy for intervention with coronary bifurcation lesions.
K E Y W O R D SCoronary artery disease, Coronary bifurcation lesion, Percutaneous coronary intervention
| INTRODUCTIONCoronary bifurcation lesions are encountered in 15% to 20% of all percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). 1 Various PCI techniques for bifurcation lesions have been summarized previously. 2 These techniques are categorized into (1) the provisional strategy, where 1-stent stenting to the main vessel (MV) is followed by additional bailout stenting to the side branch (SB) only when the SB is compromised (hereafter referred to as the provisional strategy); and (2) the complex strategy, where both the MV and SB are stented, regardless, usually beginning with SB stenting (hereafter referred to as the complex strategy).In this article we evaluate the clinical evidence for various strategies and techniques. We also describe the roles of other optimization techniques and propose our practical approach.
| PROVISIONAL STRATEGY ESTABLISHED AS THE DEFAULT STRATEGY FOR BIFURCATION INTERVENTIONIn the era of drug-eluting stents (DES), numerous randomized studies have established the provisional strategy as the preferred strategy in PCI for bifurcation lesions (Table 1). 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The provisional strategy has the advantage of shorter procedural and fluoroscopy times, smaller contrast volumes, and lower rates of procedure-related increases in biomarkers of myocardial injury. 1,4,13 In a meta-analyses of 9 randomized trials, 6 the provisional strategy, compared with the complex strategy, was associated with a reduced risk of either early or follow-up myocardial infarction (MI) and with comparable risks of SB restenosis, target-lesion revascularization, and target-vessel revascularization (TVR). On the contrary, the complex strategy failed to consistently demonstrate its theoretical benefit of reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; Table 1). As a result, many authorities have recommended the provisional strategy as the default strategy for bifurcation intervention. 14 Reasons for the lack of additional benefits from the complex strategy: (1) The majority of SBs hav...