Random effects in drug dissolution

Antituberculosis therapy-induced acute liver failure: Magnitude, profile, prognosis, and predictors of outcome

“…Because of the predominant role of the solubility–dose ratio in drug dissolution, branched versions of the Noyes and Whitney equation and of the Weibull function were developed for the analysis of dissolution data that reach the plateau either at infinite or finite time 56. Moreover, particular emphasis was placed on the random effects of drug dissolution as well as the role of heterogeneity in the deterministic models of drug dissolution 57. These concepts were further developed by the introduction of fractional kinetics to model nonclassical drug dissolution, release, and absorption 58–60…”

In Vitro Drug Release Testing and In Vivo/In Vitro Correlation for Long Acting Implants and Injections

“…Such variation can lead to considerable differences in the release profi les obtained making it diffi cult to compare data between different analytical groups. For example, variations in vessel size and shape can affect hydrodynamics and hence drug release [ 45,46 ] . Gao et al have reported some differences in the dissolution of prednisone using four different commercially available vessels [ 47 ] .…”

Analytical technologies for real-time drug dissolution and precipitation testing on a small scale

“…For modelling of the drug dissolution process, it makes sense to resort to stochastic models that consider such heterogeneities as random variables [38]. It has been shown that stochastic dissolution models on a microscopic scale may lead to a macroscopic behaviour that can be well explained by deterministic models [39]. The work of Macheras and Dokoumetzidis, who proposed a time‐dependent dissolution rate constant as a power law,[40,41] is also interesting.…”

“…[38] It has been shown that stochastic dissolution models on a microscopic scale may lead to a macroscopic behaviour that can be well explained by deterministic models. [39] The work of Macheras and Dokoumetzidis, who proposed a timedependent dissolution rate constant as a power law, [40,41] is also interesting. Such kinetics, with a power-law change in the drug dissolution rate coefficient with time, can be called fractal-like dissolution and has been shown to provide an interpretation of the well-known Weibull equation.…”

“…[43] It is notable that theoretical dissolution models based on the effects of heterogeneity predict marked variability, particularly in the early dissolution phase. [38][39][40] The availability of real-time analytics is here beneficial to cast more light on these early events of drug dissolution. Indeed, a recent work used miniaturised UV imaging to study biorelevant dissolution of poorly soluble acids.…”