Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna (Rapd) Markers Reveal Cross-Fertilisation in Biomphalaria Glabrata (Pulmonata: Basommatophora)

Vernon, Jennifer G.; Jones, Catherine S.; Noble, Leslie R.

doi:10.1093/mollus/61.4.455

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Total genomic DNA was extracted from the snail foot, using a modified phenol-chloroform extraction procedure (Vernon et al 1995). Variability was analysed at nine polymorphic microsatellite loci.…”

Section: Dna Extraction and Microsatellite Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low genetic diversity in a snail intermediate host (Biomphalaria pfeifferi Krass, 1848) and schistosomiasis transmission in the Senegal River Basin

et al. 2009

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Population genetic perturbations of intermediate hosts, often a consequence of human pressure on environmental resources, can precipitate unexpectedly severe disease outbreaks. Such disturbances are set to become increasingly common following range changes concomitant with climate shifts, dwindling natural resources and major infrastructure changes such as hydroprojects. Construction of the Diama dam in the Senegal River Basin (SRB) reduced river salinity, enabling the freshwater snail intermediate host Biomphalaria pfeifferi to rapidly expand its distribution. A serious public health problem ensued, with an epidemic of intestinal schistosomiasis occurring in the previously schistosome-free Richard-Toll region within 2 years. The current study aimed to assess the population variability of B. pfeifferi in the SRB, and speculate upon its subsequent impact on host-parasite interactions following such engineered ecological change. Genetic variation at nine polymorphic microsatellite loci revealed little population differentiation in SRB snails compared with those from natural habitats in Zimbabwe, where Schistosoma mansoni transmission is much lower. 'Open' SRB habitats are associated with greater water contact, smaller population sizes and less genetic diversity, with sites downstream of Richard-Toll showing greater inter- and intrapopulation variation, concomitant with less frequent human contact. These observations may be explained by rapid expansion into pristine habitat selecting for high fecundity genotypes at the expense of schistosome resistance, presenting S. mansoni with genetically homogenous highly fecund susceptible populations around the focal point, promoting development of a highly compatible host-parasite relationship. Longitudinal study of such systems may prove important in predicting public health risks engendered by future environmental engineering projects.

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Section: Dna Extraction and Microsatellite Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low genetic diversity in a snail intermediate host (Biomphalaria pfeifferi Krass, 1848) and schistosomiasis transmission in the Senegal River Basin

et al. 2009

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“…Genomic DNA was extracted from the tip of the head-foot region of each snail (hence avoiding potential contamination by any schistosome stages present), using a standard phe-nol± chloroform procedure modi® ed to overcome the problems associated with DNA degradation from gastropod nucleases, as described by Vernon et al (1995). The PCR ampli® cation conditions and reaction mixtures were as described by Hoffman et al (1998).…”

Section: Rapd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal genetic variability in the schistosome intermediate host Biomphalaria pfeifferi

Webster

Davies

Ndamba³

et al. 2001

Annals of Tropical Medicine And Parasitology

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Genetic variation among temporally and spatially defined populations of the schistosome intermediate host, Biomphalaria pfeifferi, was analysed using RAPD markers. Snails were collected from each of eight sites that were 1-20 km apart, on four occasions, over a 2-year period. High levels of genetic variability were found within populations, between populations and between collections. Spatial differentiation and intrapopulation similarity were highest during periods of drought and were lowest following heavy rainfall. Temporal variability, consistent with founder effects, genetic drift and/or differential parasite pressure, was of similar or greater magnitude to that of the spatial variability. The results not only demonstrate that spatio-temporal sampling is necessary to understand the population genetics of short-lived species in variable habitats, but also provide empirical data to support current theoretical models of host-parasite co-evolution.

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“…Although data are limited, some evidence of differential mating has been detected among unselected and uninfected B. glabrata lines, relating to inbreeding avoidance (Vernon et al 1995;Vernon & Taylor 1996) and geographical origin (Rupp & Woolhouse 1999). No gender biases, where individuals preferentially mate as male or female, were reported (Vernon et al 1995;Vernon & Taylor 1996;Trigwell et al 1997;Rupp & Woolhouse 1999). We investigated here whether an interplay of potential infection status (host resistance versus susceptibility genotypes) and current infection status (infected versus uninfected) influenced the reproductive strategy of B. glabrata snails.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Genetic variability for both susceptibility and resistance is maintained within natural snail metapopulations through, in part, trade-offs between the high fitness costs resulting from parasitism and those associated with resistance: susceptible snails suffer from significantly increased mortality when infected, whereas resistant individuals suffer reduced egg viability (despite equal egg mass and embryo production, significantly fewer offspring hatch from resistant lines, potentially owing to deficiencies in internal factors that, although primarily associated with host reproduction, are also essential for normal parasite development; Woolhouse 1989;Cooper et al 1994;Cousin et al 1995;Webster & Woolhouse 1999). Laboratorial behavioural and molecular studies have revealed that B. glabrata preferentially outcross (Vernon et al 1995;Vernon & Taylor 1996;Webster 2001). Although data are limited, some evidence of differential mating has been detected among unselected and uninfected B. glabrata lines, relating to inbreeding avoidance (Vernon et al 1995;Vernon & Taylor 1996) and geographical origin (Rupp & Woolhouse 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite infection, host resistance and mate choice: battle of the genders in a simultaneous hermaphrodite

Webster

Hoffman

Berdoy

2003

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Parasites have been proposed to be fundamental in the evolution of mate choice because differential mating on the basis of heritable disease resistance is expected to lead to progeny with a better genomeenvironment match than random mating. However, direct empirical data in support of this hypothesis are often lacking, and the relative influences of current and potential infection status (i.e. resistance genotype), and of mate choice versus mate conflict, remain largely unknown. We demonstrate experimentally, using simultaneous hermaphroditic snails (Biomphalaria glabrata) artificially selected for resistance or susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni infection, that mate choice is influenced by a combination of current and potential parasitic infection status. As predicted by game-theory models, we also found a picture of conflict and cooperation: resistant and susceptible genotypes copulated in either gender and reciprocated (i.e. switched gender) equally when faced with an uninfected partner, but, by contrast, resistant snails actively refused to copulate as females with an infected partner. Such recognition and discrimination has implications for the maintenance of sex and the evolution of recognition systems.

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Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna (Rapd) Markers Reveal Cross-Fertilisation in Biomphalaria Glabrata (Pulmonata: Basommatophora)

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Low genetic diversity in a snail intermediate host (Biomphalaria pfeifferi Krass, 1848) and schistosomiasis transmission in the Senegal River Basin

Low genetic diversity in a snail intermediate host (Biomphalaria pfeifferi Krass, 1848) and schistosomiasis transmission in the Senegal River Basin

Spatio-temporal genetic variability in the schistosome intermediate host Biomphalaria pfeifferi

Parasite infection, host resistance and mate choice: battle of the genders in a simultaneous hermaphrodite

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