Ramie fabric Elium® composites with flame retardant coating: Flammability, smoke, viscoelastic and mechanical properties

Khalili, Pooria; Blinzler, Brina J.; Blomqvist, Per; Sandinge, Anna; Bisschop, Roeland; Liu, Xiaoling

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.105986

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The incorporation of rayon instead of NF was seen to enhance the strength and toughness of the composites compared to that of natural fibre composites, as the breaking point elongated to a much higher value (Table 1) using the same manufacturing technique, as conducted by the authors [17,20]. It was shown that rayon fibre has higher elongation and lower modulus than flax fibre [21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The standard deviation of the T g value for the composite is shown in parentheses in Table 7. [17] 99 Jute Elium ® Composite [20] 108.1…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth noting that higher bio-based fibre mass fraction can be obtained in the composites when using hot compression or resin infusion methods compared to that which can be obtained from an injection moulding technique. This can be a crucial point that needs to be taken into account when the presence of maximum fibre content in the part is important [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication, Mechanical Testing and Structural Simulation of Regenerated Cellulose Fabric Elium® Thermoplastic Composite System

2021

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Regenerated cellulose fibres are an important part of the forest industry, and they can be used in the form of fabrics as reinforcement materials. Similar to the natural fibres (NFs), such as flax, hemp and jute, that are widely used in the automotive industry, these fibres possess good potential to be used for semi-structural applications. In this work, the mechanical properties of regenerated cellulose fabric-reinforced poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) (Elium®) composite were investigated and compared with those of its natural fibre composite counterparts. The developed composite demonstrated higher tensile strength and ductility, as well as comparable flexural properties with those of NF-reinforced epoxy and Elium® composite systems, whereas the Young’s modulus was lower. The glass transition temperature demonstrated a value competitive (107.7 °C) with that of other NF composites. Then, the behavior of the bio-composite under bending and loading was simulated, and a materials model was used to simulate the behavior of a car door panel in a flexural scenario. Modelling can contribute to predicting the structural behavior of the bio-based thermoplastic composite for secondary applications, which is the aim of this work. Finite element simulations were performed to assess the deflection and force transfer mechanism for the car door interior.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The standard deviation of the T g value for the composite is shown in parentheses in Table 7. [17] 99 Jute Elium ® Composite [20] 108.1…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication, Mechanical Testing and Structural Simulation of Regenerated Cellulose Fabric Elium® Thermoplastic Composite System

2021

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“…In the current study, the FR mat was used as a hybrid reinforcement with thin prepreg plies. Two different lay-ups were studied, deriving from earlier investigations [ 19 , 20 ]. The effect of the z-wise local of the FR mat on the fire performance of laminates was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limit oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning and cone calorimeter tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Fire Protection Performance and Mechanical Properties of Thin-Ply Bio-Epoxy Composites

et al. 2021

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Hybrid composites composed of bio-based thin-ply carbon fibre prepreg and flame-retardant mats (E20MI) have been produced to investigate the effects of laminate design on their fire protection performance and mechanical properties. These flame-retardant mats rely primarily on expandable graphite, mineral wool and glass fibre to generate a thermal barrier that releases incombustible gasses and protects the underlying material. A flame retardant (FR) mat is incorporated into the carbon fibre bio-based polymeric laminate and the relationship between the fire protection properties and mechanical properties is investigated. Hybrid composite laminates containing FR mats either at the exterior surfaces or embedded 2-plies deep have been tested by the limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test and cone calorimetry. The addition of the surface or embedded E20MI flame retardant mats resulted in an improvement from a base line of 33.1% to 47.5% and 45.8%, respectively. All laminates passed the vertical burning test standard of FAR 25.853. Cone calorimeter data revealed an increase in the time to ignition (TTI) for the hybrid composites containing the FR mat, while the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (TTR) were greatly reduced. Furthermore, the maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE) values indicated that both composites with flame retardant mats had achieved the requirements of EN 45545-2. However, the tensile strengths of laminates with surface or embedded flame-retardant mats were reduced from 1215.94 MPa to 885.92 MPa and 975.48 MPa, respectively. Similarly, the bending strength was reduced from 836.41 MPa to 767.03 MPa and 811.36 MPa, respectively.

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“…[5]. Several studies were carried out in the past to explore the feasibility of different natural fiber composites in different applications [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Temperature Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Hemp Woven Fabrics Reinforced Polymer

2021

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Natural fiber composites are widely used in a several industrial applications due to their outstanding biodegradability and recyclability. Thermal compression molding is a rapid and easy method to fabricate composite sheets. To better understand the manufacturing process and evaluate the mechanical properties of hemp woven fabrics reinforced thermoplastic composite at elevated temperatures, a detailed investigation is required. In this study, composite sheets were initially fabricated using hemp fiber fabrics (taffeta and serge 2×1) and polypropylene sheets by the thermal compression molding process. Mechanical tests (uniaxial, shear, and biaxial) were carried out at temperatures ranging from 20 to 160 ∘C in order to estimate the mechanical properties of composite sheets. Non-linear behavior was observed during the loading due to the unbalanced weaving pattern of hemp fabric. The biaxial behavior of the composite was estimated using a theoretical method for fabric strength prediction taking into account the interaction effect between the yarns. The experimental results demonstrate that, at high temperature, the polymer softens and the fiber reinforcements dismantle which resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the composite. Two analytical models (Ha & Springer and thermal expansion coefficient) were also proposed to estimate the thermo-mechanical properties of natural fiber composites subjected to various temperatures.

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Ramie fabric Elium® composites with flame retardant coating: Flammability, smoke, viscoelastic and mechanical properties

Cited by 43 publications

References 22 publications

Fabrication, Mechanical Testing and Structural Simulation of Regenerated Cellulose Fabric Elium® Thermoplastic Composite System

Fabrication, Mechanical Testing and Structural Simulation of Regenerated Cellulose Fabric Elium® Thermoplastic Composite System

Investigation of Fire Protection Performance and Mechanical Properties of Thin-Ply Bio-Epoxy Composites

Experimental Investigation of the Temperature Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Hemp Woven Fabrics Reinforced Polymer

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