Structurally,
hydrogen bonding is identified as a key factor to
domain the construction of a crystallographic frame during the crystallization
of the Ln(H2O)9(CF3SO3)3 (Ln = La–Lu) system. In situ Raman spectroscopy
is used to capture the hydrogen bonding dependent mesoscale frameworks
that are formed during Ln(H2O)9(CF3SO3)3 crystallization in aqueous solution
by continuously collecting the spectra of structural fragments. The
spectral characteristics show that the isolated Ln(H2O)9
3+ tricapped trigonal prisms cannot exist in the
aqueous solution. With the concentration of aqueous solution, the
hydrated Ln3+ and CF3SO3
– tend to share common H2O molecules, and new hydrogen
bonding will be built surrounding Ln3+. Especially, for
the Nd, Eu, Yb, and Lu system, Ln(H2O)
n
(CF3SO3)3 (n = 8–9) clusters instead of hydrated Ln3+ and CF3SO3
– are formed in the solution.
Under the guiding of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, both bond lengths
and bond angles of Ln–O may be regulated, leading to the initial
formation of Ln(H2O)6
3+ prisms and
the following Ln(H2O)9
3+ tricapped
trigonal prisms. Meanwhile, the symmetry of both CF3 and
SO3 groups decreases from C
3h
to C
2 accompanied by
the formation of Ln(H2O)6
3+ triprism.
The present study opens up the chemical bonding behaviors of rare
earth ions in aqueous solution, which provides basic data for the
study of the coordination of rare earth complexes and the design of
novel rare earth materials.