“…As a kind of candidate of High Level nuclear Waste forms (HLW), the glass suffers irradiations of alpha, beta, and gamma rays during the geological disposal . In order to understand the mechanism of those irradiation effects, the borosilicate glass was extensively irradiated by heavy ions, electrons, and gamma rays . Variations of properties such as volume, hardness, microstructure, induced defects, and the formation of bubbles were characterized by nanoindentation, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and so on.…”