Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection as analysis tools in stability tests of selected synthetic psychoactive substances: 5-IT, MT-45 and 4-CMC

Frączak, Oliwia; Kądzioła-Długołęcka, Kinga; Kijewska, Ilona; Wilczek, Radosław; Tkacz‐Szczesna, Beata; Makowski, Krzysztof; Komorowski, Piotr; Bachliński, Robert; Trynda, Anna; Walkowiak, Bogdan

doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2020.103176

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Fraczak et al performed stability studies on three NPS using Raman spectroscopy and found that only one appeared to noticeably degrade after three months at 40 °C. 240 One obstacle that can be encountered when analyzing evidence with a 785 nm excitation laser is background fluorescence. Liu et al found that, while it may not be required in all situations, using a 1064 nm laser or sequentially shifted excitation (SSE) quite improved the analysis of heroin samples.…”

Section: ■ Chemistry: Seized Drugs and Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innovative Vibrational Spectroscopy Research for Forensic Application

et al. 2023

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Section: ■ Chemistry: Seized Drugs and Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also characterized four synthetic cannabinoids in a sample seized by law enforcement. Frączak et al performed stability studies on three NPS using Raman spectroscopy and found that only one appeared to noticeably degrade after three months at 40 °C …”

Section: Chemistry: Seized Drugs and Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Vibrational Spectroscopy Research for Forensic Application

et al. 2023

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“…4-CMC also shares structural similarities with mephedrone (4-MMC) and flephedrone (4-FMC). The main distinction lies in the replacement of the chloro group at position 4 [ 9 ]. Like other synthetic cathinones, 4-CMC was designed to mimic the effects of natural cathinone compounds found in the khat plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of the New Psychoactive Substance (NPS) Clephedrone (4-Chloromethcathinone, 4-CMC): Prediction of Toxicity Using In Silico Methods for Clinical and Forensic Purposes

Jurowski,

Niżnik

2024

IJMS

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This study reports the first application of in silico methods to assess the toxicity of 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC), a novel psychoactive substance (NPS). Employing advanced toxicology in silico tools, it was possible to predict crucial aspects of the toxicological profile of 4-CMC, including acute toxicity (LD50), genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and its potential for endocrine disruption. The obtained results indicate significant acute toxicity with species-specific variability, moderate genotoxic potential suggesting the risk of DNA damage, and a notable cardiotoxicity risk associated with hERG channel inhibition. Endocrine disruption assessment revealed a low probability of 4-CMC interacting with estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α), suggesting minimal estrogenic activity. These insights, derived from in silico studies, are critical in advancing the understanding of 4-CMC properties in forensic and clinical toxicology. These initial toxicological findings provide a foundation for future research and aid in the formulation of risk assessment and management strategies in the context of the use and abuse of NPSs.

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