“…This manuscript reports the preparation, characterization, and use of complexes (conjugates) between cytochrome c (Cc) and colloidal Au nanoparticles as analytes for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) . The adsorption and conformation of proteins at metal surfaces is critical to many bioanalytical techniques involving transduction of protein-based signals for detection, including electrochemistry, SERS, surface plasmon resonance, and quartz crystal microgravimetry . Unfortunately, adsorption often leads to conformational changes, denaturation, or undesirable protein orientations with respect to the metal substrate .…”