Raman spectroscopic study of the mineral composition of cirratulid tubes (Annelida, Polychaeta)

Taylor, Paul D.; Vinn, Olev; Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B.; Schopf, J. William

doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2010.05.010

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Individuals were first rinsed with double-distilled water to remove salts, dislodged from the substrate and then preserved in 75% ethanol. Soft organic tissues were removed by immersing the tubeworms in 5% bleach (NaOCl, Clorox™) for about 20 minutes [44]. These tissue free tubes were processed further into fine and homogenous powder for XRD and FT-IR analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2-Driven Ocean Acidification Alters and Weakens Integrity of the Calcareous Tubes Produced by the Serpulid Tubeworm, Hydroides elegans

Chan

Lane

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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As a consequence of anthropogenic CO2-driven ocean acidification (OA), coastal waters are becoming increasingly challenging for calcifiers due to reductions in saturation states of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals. The response of calcification rate is one of the most frequently investigated symptoms of OA. However, OA may also result in poor quality calcareous products through impaired calcification processes despite there being no observed change in calcification rate. The mineralogy and ultrastructure of the calcareous products under OA conditions may be altered, resulting in changes to the mechanical properties of calcified structures. Here, the warm water biofouling tubeworm, Hydroides elegans, was reared from larva to early juvenile stage at the aragonite saturation state (ΩA) for the current pCO2 level (ambient) and those predicted for the years 2050, 2100 and 2300. Composition, ultrastructure and mechanical strength of the calcareous tubes produced by those early juvenile tubeworms were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nanoindentation. Juvenile tubes were composed primarily of the highly soluble CaCO3 mineral form, aragonite. Tubes produced in seawater with aragonite saturation states near or below one had significantly higher proportions of the crystalline precursor, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and the calcite/aragonite ratio dramatically increased. These alterations in tube mineralogy resulted in a holistic deterioration of the tube hardness and elasticity. Thus, in conditions where ΩA is near or below one, the aragonite-producing juvenile tubeworms may no longer be able to maintain the integrity of their calcification products, and may result in reduced survivorship due to the weakened tube protection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2-Driven Ocean Acidification Alters and Weakens Integrity of the Calcareous Tubes Produced by the Serpulid Tubeworm, Hydroides elegans

Chan

Lane

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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“…Composition of tubes in terms of calcite/aragonite ratio and relative amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) content were quantitatively analyzed using XRD and FTIR, respectively. About 8–10 randomly selected tube samples were dislodged from the petri dish (per replicate) and cleaned to remove the organic soft tissues using 5% bleach (NaOCl, Clorox ™) for about 30 minutes [34] . The tubes were then rinsed twice with double distilled water, air-dried, and ground into fine powder and stored in weighing paper sachets for XRD and FTIR analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite much concerted effort to understand the process of biomineralization in a variety of marine organisms [31] , [32] , [33] , including tubeworms [34] , [35] , [36] , the effect of environmentally and climatically relevant stressors on the composition and mechanical function of tubes or shells has yet to be fully studied. Specifically, no studies have been done on how the interaction of multiple environmental variables affects calcareous structures and their mechanical properties, which could have many implications such as the susceptibility to predators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Dependent Effects of Elevated CO2 on Shell Composition and Mechanical Properties of Hydroides elegans: Insights from a Multiple Stressor Experiment

Chan

Thiyagarajan

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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The majority of marine benthic invertebrates protect themselves from predators by producing calcareous tubes or shells that have remarkable mechanical strength. An elevation of CO2 or a decrease in pH in the environment can reduce intracellular pH at the site of calcification and thus interfere with animal’s ability to accrete CaCO3. In nature, decreased pH in combination with stressors associated with climate change may result in the animal producing severely damaged and mechanically weak tubes. This study investigated how the interaction of environmental drivers affects production of calcareous tubes by the serpulid tubeworm, Hydroides elegans. In a factorial manipulative experiment, we analyzed the effects of pH (8.1 and 7.8), salinity (34 and 27‰), and temperature (23°C and 29°C) on the biomineral composition, ultrastructure and mechanical properties of the tubes. At an elevated temperature of 29°C, the tube calcite/aragonite ratio and Mg/Ca ratio were both increased, the Sr/Ca ratio was decreased, and the amorphous CaCO3 content was reduced. Notably, at elevated temperature with decreased pH and reduced salinity, the constructed tubes had a more compact ultrastructure with enhanced hardness and elasticity compared to decreased pH at ambient temperature. Thus, elevated temperature rescued the decreased pH-induced tube impairments. This indicates that tubeworms are likely to thrive in early subtropical summer climate. In the context of climate change, tubeworms could be resilient to the projected near-future decreased pH or salinity as long as surface seawater temperature rise at least by 4°C.

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“…The tubeworm H. elegans , like several other serpulid polychaetes, calcifies a bimineralic tube that contains comparable proportions of the two most common polymorphs of calcium carbonate, aragonite and calcite (Chan et al 2012). The proportion of calcite to aragonite is highly variable in tubeworms, for example, H. norvegicus , 98 Cal :2 Ar ; H. dianthus , 60 Cal :40 Ar (Tanur et al 2010; Taylor et al 2010). However, tubes of the newly metamorphosed H. elegans are dominated by the more soluble aragonite (Chan et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased pH does not alter metamorphosis but compromises juvenile calcification of the tube worm Hydroides elegans

et al. 2012

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Using CO2 perturbation experiments, we examined the pre- and post-settlement growth responses of a dominant biofouling tubeworm (Hydroides elegans) to a range of pH. In three different experiments, embryos were reared to, or past, metamorphosis in seawater equilibrated to CO2 values of about 480 (control), 980, 1,480, and 2,300 μatm resulting in pH values of around 8.1 (control), 7.9, 7.7, and 7.5, respectively. These three decreased pH conditions did not affect either embryo or larval development, but both larval calcification at the time of metamorphosis and early juvenile growth were adversely affected. During the 24-h settlement assay experiment, half of the metamorphosed larvae were unable to calcify tubes at pH 7.9 while almost no tubes were calcified at pH 7.7. Decreased ability to calcify at decreased pH may indicate that these calcifying tubeworms may be one of the highly threatened species in the future ocean.

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Raman spectroscopic study of the mineral composition of cirratulid tubes (Annelida, Polychaeta)

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

CO2-Driven Ocean Acidification Alters and Weakens Integrity of the Calcareous Tubes Produced by the Serpulid Tubeworm, Hydroides elegans

CO2-Driven Ocean Acidification Alters and Weakens Integrity of the Calcareous Tubes Produced by the Serpulid Tubeworm, Hydroides elegans

Temperature Dependent Effects of Elevated CO2 on Shell Composition and Mechanical Properties of Hydroides elegans: Insights from a Multiple Stressor Experiment

Decreased pH does not alter metamorphosis but compromises juvenile calcification of the tube worm Hydroides elegans

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