Raman spectroscopic study of the basic copper sulphates—implications for copper corrosion and ‘bronze disease’

Martens, Wayde N.; Frost, Ray L.; Kloprogge, J. Theo; Williams, Peter A.

doi:10.1002/jrs.969

Cited by 146 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Makreski et al, 2005), the bands in the region 509-309 cm −1 could be due to the overlapping of Cu-O stretching modes or the (ν−2) mode of the sulphate group. Moreover, at lower frequencies, the bands are very difficult to assign as they are generally associated with characteristic bands of copper sulphate minerals (Martens et al, 2003) and to lattice vibrations.…”

Section: Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of the Unusual Green Pigment Brochantite (Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆) in the 16th-Century Portuguese-Flemish Paintings Attributed to The Master Frei Carlos Workshop

et al. 2015

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This paper reports an unusual green pigment, brochantite (Cu 4 (SO 4 )(OH) 6 ), on 16th-century Portuguese-Flemish paintings, attributed to the Master Frei Carlos workshop. This green mineral is usually identified as an impurity or alteration product in the green pigments verdigris (Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 nCu(OH) 2 ) or malachite (CuCO 3 Cu(OH) 2 ). However, after thorough investigation with a broad range of analytical techniques, it became clear that, in this case, brochantite was applied as a pigment. The abundance, pigment granulometry, and pigment morphology suggest intentional use by this Portuguese-Flemish Master as a natural pigment rather than its accidental use as an alteration product. This seems to be a distinguishable feature to other painters (Flemish and Portuguese) working in Portugal at the beginning of the 16th century.The multi-analytical study of these easel paintings was first performed by physical imaging techniques and material characterization was carried out by optical microscopy, micro-Fourier-transform infrared-spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and micro-X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).

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Section: Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of the Unusual Green Pigment Brochantite (Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆) in the 16th-Century Portuguese-Flemish Paintings Attributed to The Master Frei Carlos Workshop

et al. 2015

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“…In order to ensure that the correct spectra were obtained, the incident excitation radiation was scrambled. Previous studies provide an in depth account of the experimental technique [31,[40][41][42][43][44]. Spectral manipulation such as baseline adjustment, smoothing and normalisation was performed using the GRAMS® software package (Galactic Industries Corporation, Salem, NH, USA).…”

Section: Raman Microprobe Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy of newberyite, hannayite and struvite

Frost

Weier

Martens

et al. 2005

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

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The phosphate minerals hannayite, newberyite and struvite have been studied by Raman spectroscopy using a thermal stage. Hannayite and newberyite are characterised by an intense band at around 980 cm -1 assigned to the ν 1 symmetric stretching vibration of the HPO 4 units. In contrast the symmetric stretching mode is observed at 942 cm -1 for struvite. The Raman spectra are characterised by multiple ν 3 antisymmetric stretching bands and ν 2 and ν 4 bending modes indicating strong distortion of the HPO 4 and PO 4 units. Hannayite and newberyite are defined by bands at 3382 and 3350 cm -1 attributed to HOPO 3 vibrations and hannayite and struvite by bands at 2990, 2973 and 2874 assigned to NH 4 + bands. Raman spectroscopy has proven most useful for the analysis of these 'cave' minerals where complex paragenetic relationships exist between the minerals.

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“…In order to ensure that the correct spectra were obtained, the incident excitation radiation was scrambled. Previous studies provide an in depth account of the experimental technique [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Spectral manipulation such as baseline adjustment, smoothing and normalisation was performed using the GRAMS® software package (Galactic Industries Corporation, Salem, NH, USA).…”

Section: Raman Microprobe Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy of the mineral rhodonite

Mills

Frost

Kloprogge

et al. 2005

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

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The mineral rhodonite an orthosilicate has been characterised by Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra of three rhodonites from Broken Hill, Pachapaqui and Franklin were compared and found to be similar. The spectra are characterised by an intense band at around 1000 cm -1 assigned to the ν 1 symmetric stretching mode and three bands at 989, 974 and 936 cm -1 assigned to the ν 3 antisymmetric stretching modes. An intense band at around 667 cm -1 was assigned to the ν 4 bending mode and showed additional bands exhibiting loss of degeneracy of the SiO 4 units. The low wavenumber region of rhodonite is complex. A strong band at 421.9 cm -1 is attributed to the ν 2 bending mode. The spectra of the three rhodonite mineral samples are similar but subtle differences are observed. It is proposed that these differences depend upon the cationic substitution of Mn by Ca and/or Fe 2+ and Mg.

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Raman spectroscopic study of the basic copper sulphates—implications for copper corrosion and ‘bronze disease’

Cited by 146 publications

References 21 publications

On the Use of the Unusual Green Pigment Brochantite (Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆) in the 16th-Century Portuguese-Flemish Paintings Attributed to The Master Frei Carlos Workshop

On the Use of the Unusual Green Pigment Brochantite (Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆) in the 16th-Century Portuguese-Flemish Paintings Attributed to The Master Frei Carlos Workshop

Raman spectroscopy of newberyite, hannayite and struvite

Raman spectroscopy of the mineral rhodonite

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Raman spectroscopic study of the basic copper sulphates—implications for copper corrosion and ‘bronze disease’

Cited by 146 publications

References 21 publications

On the Use of the Unusual Green Pigment Brochantite (Cu4(SO4)(OH)6) in the 16th-Century Portuguese-Flemish Paintings Attributed to The Master Frei Carlos Workshop

On the Use of the Unusual Green Pigment Brochantite (Cu4(SO4)(OH)6) in the 16th-Century Portuguese-Flemish Paintings Attributed to The Master Frei Carlos Workshop

Raman spectroscopy of newberyite, hannayite and struvite

Raman spectroscopy of the mineral rhodonite

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On the Use of the Unusual Green Pigment Brochantite (Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆) in the 16th-Century Portuguese-Flemish Paintings Attributed to The Master Frei Carlos Workshop

On the Use of the Unusual Green Pigment Brochantite (Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆) in the 16th-Century Portuguese-Flemish Paintings Attributed to The Master Frei Carlos Workshop