“…3, two peaks were acquired. The peaks appeared at 1580 cm − 1 and at 1355 cm − 1 is identified as graphite and disordered carbon, respectively [13,14]. For the Ni films on LSGM, ScSZ, and YSZ, the shape and the intensity of the peak at 1355 cm − 1 was similar but the intensity of the peak at 1580 cm − 1 for LSGM was lower than those for ScSZ and YSZ.…”