Raman Spectra of Hydrocarbons

Fenske, M. R.; Braun, Wolfgang; Wiegand, R. V.; Quiggle, D.; McCormick, Robert H.; Rank, D. H.

doi:10.1021/ac60010a002

Cited by 108 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…3B). H-ECG also displayed an additional peak at 1;090 cm −1 arising from those sp 3 C-H edge bonds (29) highlighted in structures 7 and 8 of Fig. S2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Edge-carboxylated graphene nanosheets via ball milling

Jeon

Shin

Sohn

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

619

420

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Low-cost, high-yield production of graphene nanosheets (GNs) is essential for practical applications. We have achieved high yield of edge-selectively carboxylated graphite (ECG) by a simple ball milling of pristine graphite in the presence of dry ice. The resultant ECG is highly dispersable in various solvents to self-exfoliate into single-and few-layer (≤5 layers) GNs. These stable ECG (or GN) dispersions have been used for solution processing, coupled with thermal decarboxylation, to produce large-area GN films for many potential applications ranging from electronic materials to chemical catalysts. The electrical conductivity of a thermally decarboxylated ECG film was found to be as high as 1214 S∕cm, which is superior to its GO counterparts. Ball milling can thus provide simple, but efficient and versatile, and eco-friendly (CO 2 -capturing) approaches to low-cost mass production of high-quality GNs for applications where GOs have been exploited and beyond.carbon dioxide | eco-friendly | edge-functionalization | graphite A s a building block for carbon nanomaterials of all other dimensionalities, such as 0D buckyball, 1D nanotubes, and 3D graphite, graphene nanosheets (GNs) with carbon atoms densely packed in a 2D honeycomb crystal lattice have recently attracted tremendous interest for various potential applications (1). Several techniques, including the peel-off by Scotch tape (2), epitaxial growth on SiC (3), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) (4, 5), and solution exfoliation of graphite oxide (GO) (6), have been reported for producing GNs. Although the Scotch tape method led to the Nobel-Prize-winning discovery of high quality GNs (2), it is unsuitable for large-area preparation of GN films due to technique difficulties. On the other hand, large-area thin GN films up to 30 in. have been prepared by CVD (7). However, the CVD process involves extremely careful fabrication processes, which appears to be too tedious and too expensive for mass production. The widely reported solution exfoliation of graphite into GO, followed by solution reduction (8-10), allows the mass production of GNs via an all-solution process. Due to strong interactions between the hexagonally sp 2 -bonded carbon layers in graphite, however, the solution exfoliation requires the involvement of hazardous strong oxidizing reagents (e.g., HNO 3 , KMnO 4 , and/or H 2 SO 4 ) and a tedious multistep process (8,9,11,12). Such a corrosive chemical oxidation often causes severe damage to the carbon basal plane to introduce a large number of chemical and topological defects (13). As a result, postexfoliation reduction of GO into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is essential in order to restore the graphitic basal plane for the resultant GNs (6,[14][15][16][17][18][19]. To make the matter worse, the reduction reaction also involves hazardous reducing reagents (e.g., hydrazine, NaBH 4 ) with a limited reduction conversion (approximately 70%) (20). The reduced GO (rGO) still contains considerable oxygenated groups and structural defects, and thus additional...

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“…3B). H-ECG also displayed an additional peak at 1;090 cm −1 arising from those sp 3 C-H edge bonds (29) highlighted in structures 7 and 8 of Fig. S2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Edge-carboxylated graphene nanosheets via ball milling

Jeon

Shin

Sohn

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

619

420

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As the 50% propane (2% H 2 and 48% Ar) was introduced into the chamber, the carbon D-band and G-band increased gradually, along with the peaks related to hydrocarbons. 3 and 4) Raman bands reported in literature Ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) 28 Propylene (C 3 H 6 ) 29 n-Hexane (C 6 H 14 ) 30 2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene (C 6 H 12 ) 30 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butene (C 6 H 12 ) 30 2-Methylpent-2-ene (C 6 H 12 ) 31 intermediates accumulated on the Ni-YSZ interface react readily with the oxygen pumped from the YSZ lattice. Table 1) were monitored over time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

An operando surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) study of carbon deposition on SOFC anodes

Liu

Lee

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Thermally robust and chemically inert Ag@SiO2 nanoprobes are employed to provide the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect for an in situ/operando study of the early stage of carbon deposition on nickel-based solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes. The enhanced sensitivity to carbon enables the detection of different stages of coking, offering insights into intrinsic coking tolerance of material surfaces. Application of a thin coating of gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) enhances the resistance to coking of nickel surfaces. The electrochemically active Ni-YSZ interface appears to be more active for hydrocarbon reforming, resulting in the accumulation of different hydrocarbon molecules, which can be readily removed upon the application of an anodic current. Operando SERS is a powerful tool for the mechanistic study of coking in SOFC systems. It is also applicable to the study of other catalytic and electrochemical processes in a wide range of conditions.

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“…However, new distinct broad Raman bands for hydrocarbons appeared at 1070, 1303 and 1445 cm −1 for both Fig. S5b and S5c [41]. Besides, a weak and rather broad Raman bend at 1578 cm −1 can be distinguished from the spectra of these samples, indicating that slight carbon deposition occurred on their surfaces.…”

Section: Carbon Species By Raman Spectramentioning

confidence: 83%