Raman microscopy in archaeological science

Smith, Gregory D.; Clark, Robin J. H.

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2004.02.008

Cited by 303 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…Application of RM to the study of manuscripts, paintings, ceramics, glass, icons, and archaeological artifacts etc., permits the identification of most of the pigments present and many dyes, facilitating the establishment of artists' palettes at different periods and in different localities (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). It can also aid in the identification of previous restorations and in the detection of forgeries (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Raman microscopy and x-ray fluorescence analysis of pigments on medieval and Renaissance Italian manuscript cuttings

Burgio

Clark

Hark

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Italian medieval and Renaissance manuscript cuttings and miniatures from the Victoria and Albert Museum were analyzed by Raman microscopy to compile a database of pigments used in different periods and different Italian regions. The palette identified in most manuscripts and cuttings was found to include lead white, gypsum, azurite, lazurite, indigo, malachite, vermilion, red lead, lead tin yellow (I), goethite, carbon, and iron gall ink. A few of the miniatures, such as the historiated capital “M” painted by Gerolamo da Cremona and the Petrarca manuscript by Bartolomeo Sanvito, are of exceptional quality and were analyzed extensively; some contained unusual materials. The widespread usage of iron oxides such as goethite and hematite as minor components of mixtures with azurite is particularly notable. The use of a needle-shaped form of iron gall ink as a pigment rather than a writing material was established by both Raman microscopy and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for the Madonna and Child by Franco de’ Russi.

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confidence: 99%

Raman microscopy and x-ray fluorescence analysis of pigments on medieval and Renaissance Italian manuscript cuttings

Burgio

Clark

Hark

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…), notably Prussian blue (class 2), in which the chromophore is Fe(II/III), and lazurite (ultramarine blue, Na 8 [Al 6 Si 6 O 24 ]S n , class 2/3), in which the key chromophore is S 3 K (Clark & Franks 1975;Clark 1984 (Best et al 1995;Smith & Clark 2004;Clark 1995Clark , 2007.…”

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Mixed valence: origins and developments

Day

Hush

Clark

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Mixed-valence compounds were recognized by chemists more than a century ago for their unusual colours and stoichiometries, but it was just 40 years ago that two seminal articles brought together the then available evidence. These articles laid the foundations for understanding the physical properties of such compounds and how the latter correlate with molecular and crystal structures. This introduction to a discussion meeting briefly surveys the history of mixed valence and sets in context contributions to the discussion describing current work in the field.

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“…Confocal Dispersive μ-Raman Spectroscopy, also a non-destructive technique, is used to identify solids through vibrations in the crystalline lattice as it can detect the sample's composition, bonds, coordination environment and crystalline structure (Edwards and Chalmers, 2005;Smith and Clark, 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal body ornamentation on the Southern Iberian Meseta: An archaeomineralogical study

Odriozola

Enrich

García

et al. 2016

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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Beads and pendants from the Castillejo del Bonete (Terrinches, Ciudad Real) and Cerro Ortega (Villanueva de la Fuente, Ciudad Real) burials were analysed using XRD, micro-Raman and XRF in order to contribute to the current distribution map of green bead body ornament pieces on the Iberian Peninsula which, so far, remain undetailed for many regions. XRD, micro-Raman and XRF analyses showed that most of the beads from Castillejo del Bonete (Late 3rd millennium cal. BC) were made from variscite or green phyllosilicates, while Cerro Ortega's (Late 4th millennium cal. BC) beads were made out of fossil wood or Clinochlore. Significantly enough, while XRD pointed to variscite as the main crystallo-graphic phase, the elemental composition did not match any elemental compositions of known and characterised sources, thus suggesting an unknown south-eastern source or an extra-peninsular origin of these ornamental pieces.

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Raman microscopy in archaeological science

Cited by 303 publications

References 143 publications

Raman microscopy and x-ray fluorescence analysis of pigments on medieval and Renaissance Italian manuscript cuttings

Raman microscopy and x-ray fluorescence analysis of pigments on medieval and Renaissance Italian manuscript cuttings

Mixed valence: origins and developments

Personal body ornamentation on the Southern Iberian Meseta: An archaeomineralogical study

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