Raman imaging of membrane fouling

Azizighannad, Samar; Intrchom, Worawit; Mitra, Somenath

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116763

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A 523 nm excitation laser was selected for an exposure time of 0.05 s in five scans. Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) was used to investigate the composition via color coding with 50x magnification [ 42 ] and the images of PGEs are presented in Figure 2 . Each color on the MCR image represents a component in the PGE, and each component’s identification was based on the Raman spectrum.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano Carbon Doped Polyacrylamide Gel Electrolytes for High Performance Supercapacitors

et al. 2021

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Novel polyacrylamide gel electrolytes (PGEs) doped with nano carbons with enhanced electrochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties are presented. Carboxylated carbon nanotubes (fCNTs), graphene oxide sheets (GO), and the hybrid of fCNT/GO were embedded in the PGEs to serve as supercapacitor (SC) electrolytes. Thermal stability of the unmodified PGE increased with the addition of the nano carbons which led to lower capacitance degradation and longer cycling life of the SCs. The fCNT/GO-PGE showed the best thermal stability, which was 50% higher than original PGE. Viscoelastic properties of PGEs were also improved with the incorporation of GO and fCNT/GO. Oxygen-containing functional groups in GO and fCNT/GO hydrogen bonded with the polymer chains and improved the elasticity of PGEs. The fCNT-PGE demonstrated a slightly lower viscous strain uninform distribution of CNTs in the polymer matrix and the defects formed within. Furthermore, ion diffusion between GO layers was enhanced in fCNT/GO-PGE because fCNT decreased the aggregation of GO sheets and improved the ion channels, increasing the gel ionic conductivity from 41 to 132 mS cm−1. Finally, MnO2-based supercapacitors using PGE, fCNT-PGE, GO-PGE, and fCNT/GO-PGE electrolytes were fabricated with the electrode-specific capacitance measured to be 39.5, 65.5, 77.6, and 83.3 F·g−1, respectively. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of nano carbons as dopants in polymer gel electrolytes for property enhancements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano Carbon Doped Polyacrylamide Gel Electrolytes for High Performance Supercapacitors

et al. 2021

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“…In-situ Raman spectroscopy is another promising method for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of membrane fouling [169,190]. Raman spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed.…”

Section: Novel Characterization Techniques For Membrane Foulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of natural organic matter by ultrafiltration and the mitigation of membrane fouling through pre-treatment, membrane enhancement, and cleaning - A review

Peters

Rantissi

Gitis

et al. 2021

Journal of Water Process Engineering

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“…Recently, Raman chemical imaging and ATR-FTIR imaging have proven also advantageous to identify and differentiate inorganic salts on a fouled membrane surface. Both techniques can provide information on the chemical composition of the fouling as well as a high spatial resolution [27].…”

Section: Inspection and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating reverse osmosis membrane fouling and scaling by membrane autopsy of a bench scale device

García‐Triñanes

Chairopoulou

Campos

2021

Environmental Technology

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In response to the escalating world water demand and aiming to promote equal opportunities, reverse osmosis desalination has been widely implemented. Desalination is however constantly subjected to fouling and scaling which increase the cost of desalination by increasing the differential pressure of the membrane and reducing the permeate flux. A bench-scale desalination equipment has been used in this research to investigate the mitigation of fouling and scaling. This study involved the performance of membrane autopsy for fouling characterisation with special attention to flux decline due to sulphate precipitation and biofouling. Visual inspection, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and microbiology tests (API) were performed. Results obtained showed the presence of diatoms, pseudomonas and polysaccharides as the main foulants causing biofouling. Analysis revealed sulphate deposits as well as aluminium, calcium and silica as the main elements contributing to inorganic scaling. Findings pointed out that the pre-treatment system of the small-scale reverse osmosis water treatment was inefficient and that selection of pre-treatment chemicals should be based on its compatibility with the membrane structure. The importance of characterisation for the verification of fouling mechanisms is emphasised.

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Raman imaging of membrane fouling

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Nano Carbon Doped Polyacrylamide Gel Electrolytes for High Performance Supercapacitors

Nano Carbon Doped Polyacrylamide Gel Electrolytes for High Performance Supercapacitors

Retention of natural organic matter by ultrafiltration and the mitigation of membrane fouling through pre-treatment, membrane enhancement, and cleaning - A review

Investigating reverse osmosis membrane fouling and scaling by membrane autopsy of a bench scale device

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