Raman Characterization of Nitrogen Doped Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Webster, Scott; Maultzsch, Janina; Thomsen, C.; Liu, J.; Czerw, R.; Terrones, Mauricio; Adar, Fran; John, Christian; Whitley, Andrew; Carroll, D. L.

doi:10.1557/proc-772-m7.8

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This comparison of SWNTs and MWNTs has been shown in previous research (36, 37). Because of the absence of NIR absorbing chromophores, NIR light can penetrate skin with minimal heating (29, 30). Previous work has shown that MWNTs coupled with NIR light can generate heat with remarkable efficiency, producing lethal temperatures (36, 37).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photothermal Response of Human and Murine Cancer Cells to Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes after Laser Irradiation

et al. 2010

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This study demonstrates the capability of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) coupled with laser irradiation to enhance treatment of cancer cells through enhanced and more controlled thermal deposition, increased tumor injury, and diminished heat shock protein (HSP) expression. We also explored the potential promise of MWNTs as drug delivery agents by observing the degree of intracellular uptake of these nanoparticles. To determine the heat generation capability of MWNTs, the absorption spectra and temperature rise during heating were measured. Higher optical absorption was observed for MWNTs in water compared with water alone. For identical laser parameters, MWNT-containing samples produced a significantly greater temperature elevation compared to samples treated with laser alone. Human prostate cancer (PC3) and murine renal carcinoma (RENCA) cells were irradiated with a 1,064-nm laser with an irradiance of 15.3 W/cm2 for 2 heating durations (1.5 and 5 minutes) alone or in combination with MWNT inclusion. Cytotoxicity and HSP expression following laser heating was used to determine the efficacy of laser treatment alone or in combination with MWNTs. No toxicity was observed for MWNTs alone. Inclusion of MWNTs dramatically decreased cell viability and HSP expression when combined with laser irradiation. MWNT cell internalization was measured using fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy following incubation of MWNTs with cells. With increasing incubation duration, a greater number of MWNTs were observed in cellular vacuoles and nuclei. These findings offer an initial proof of concept for the application of MWNTs in cancer therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photothermal Response of Human and Murine Cancer Cells to Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes after Laser Irradiation

et al. 2010

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“…Nanomaterials, such as gold nanoshells, single walled nanotubes (SWNTs), and multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs), are being investigated for their potential role as heat delivery vehicles for laser ablation of tumors 15,[31][32][33][34][35] . Although gold nanoshells, SWNTs, and MWNTs greatly enhance the effectiveness of laser therapy due to their ability to act as antenna for electromagnetic energy, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are receiving much attention due to their stunning qualities, including remarkable strength, hardness, electrical and thermal conductivity, and antenna properties.…”

Section: Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (Mwnt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, CNTs have potential to generate enormous amounts of heat per unit mass. In addition, CNTs are strong absorbers in the near-IR (NIR) region of the spectrum, which includes wavelengths of 700-1,000 nm 34,35 .…”

Section: Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (Mwnt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since typically NIR irradiation may be applied through the skin to kill embedded cancers, the decreased light intensities required to heat with MWNT may reduce damage to dermal layers, particularly when the cancer lies at the deeper end of the NIR penetration range (2-4 cm). MWNT must be illuminated with electromagnetic radiation to produce heat, and are therefore not toxic in the absence of radiation 34,35 . Within this region, CNTs contained within tumors remain capable of absorbing infrared radiation and producing heat while skin remains mostly transparent to this range of wavelengths.…”

Section: Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (Mwnt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dual functionality of MWNTs as both imaging and treatment agents is an attractive option as it allows MWNTs to be used to localize the tumor, serve as the ablative agent, and monitor tumor ablation. This should improve our ability to precisely target therapy to the tumor 34,35 .…”

Section: Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (Mwnt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective cancer laser-therapy design through the integration of nanotechnology and computational treatment planning models

Fisher

Rylander

2008

SPIE Proceedings

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Laser therapies can provide a minimally invasive treatment alternative to surgical resection of tumors. However, the effectiveness of these therapies is limited due to nonspecific heating of target tissue which often leads to healthy tissue injury and extended treatment durations. These therapies can be further compromised due to heat shock protein (HSP) induction in tumor regions where non-lethal temperature elevation occurs, thereby imparting enhanced tumor cell viability and resistance to subsequent chemotherapy and radiation treatments. Introducing multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) into target tissue prior to laser irradiation increases heating selectivity permitting more precise thermal energy delivery to the tumor region and enhances thermal deposition thereby increasing tumor injury and reducing HSP expression induction. This study investigated the impact of MWNT inclusion in untreated and laser irradiated monolayer cell culture and cell phantom model. Cell viability remained high for all samples with MWNT inclusion and cells integrated into alginate phantoms, demonstrating the non-toxic nature of both MWNTs and alginate phantom models. Following, laser irradiation samples with MWNT inclusion exhibited dramatic temperature elevations and decreased cell viability compared to samples without MWNT. In the cell monolayer studies, laser irradiation of samples with MWNT inclusion experienced up-regulated HSP27, 70 and 90 expression as compared to laser only or untreated samples due to greater temperature increases albeit below the threshold for cell death. Further tuning of laser parameters will permit effective cell killing and down-regulation of HSP. Due to optimal tuning of laser parameters and inclusion of MWNT in phantom models, extensive temperature elevations and cell death occurred, demonstrating MWNT-mediated laser therapy as a viable therapy option when parameters are optimized. In conclusion, MWNT-mediated laser therapies show great promise for effective tumor destruction, but require determination of appropriate MWNT characteristics and laser parameters for maximum tumor destruction.

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Nitrogen‐Rich Carbonaceous Materials for Advanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity of Nitrogen Sites

Meng

Morales

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Nitrogen‐doped carbons are among the fastest‐growing class of materials used for oxygen electrocatalysis, namely, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), thanks to their low cost, environmental friendliness, excellent electrical conductivity, and scalable synthesis. The perspective of replacing precious metal‐based electrocatalysts with nitrogen‐doped carbon is highly desirable for reducing costs in energy conversion and storage systems. In this review, the role of nitrogen and N‐induced structural defects on the enhanced performance of N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts toward the OER and the ORR as well as their applications for energy conversion and storage technologies is summarized. The synthesis of N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts and the characterization of their nitrogen functional groups and active sites for the conversion of oxygen are also reviewed. The electrocatalytic performance of the main types of N‐doped carbon materials for OER/ORR electrocatalysis are then discussed. Finally, major challenges and future opportunities of N‐doped carbons as advanced oxygen electrocatalysts are highlighted.

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Raman Characterization of Nitrogen Doped Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Photothermal Response of Human and Murine Cancer Cells to Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes after Laser Irradiation

Photothermal Response of Human and Murine Cancer Cells to Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes after Laser Irradiation

Effective cancer laser-therapy design through the integration of nanotechnology and computational treatment planning models

Nitrogen‐Rich Carbonaceous Materials for Advanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity of Nitrogen Sites

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