Raman Application in Emulsion Polymerization Systems

Elizalde, Oihana; Leiza, José R.

doi:10.1002/9780470475997.ch5

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…For example, copolymer composition, monomer conversion, and polymerization rate can be estimated from direct measurement of the free monomers in the reactor and can be manipulated by altering the monomer/initiator feed. Gas chromatography (GC) − and spectroscopic techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), , nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), − ion mobility, and Raman spectroscopy − have all been used for the direct on-line monitoring of the free monomer in emulsion polymerization. Among these techniques, Raman spectroscopy is the best suited spectroscopic technique for monitoring the individual free monomer concentration in an in-line process, with successful examples on monitoring and on-line control of copolymer composition reported for emulsion polymerization including its implementation in an industrial pilot plant .…”

Section: Fundamental Challenges In the Production Of Emulsion Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas chromatography (GC) − and spectroscopic techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), , nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), − ion mobility, and Raman spectroscopy − have all been used for the direct on-line monitoring of the free monomer in emulsion polymerization. Among these techniques, Raman spectroscopy is the best suited spectroscopic technique for monitoring the individual free monomer concentration in an in-line process, with successful examples on monitoring and on-line control of copolymer composition reported for emulsion polymerization including its implementation in an industrial pilot plant . Reaction calorimetry has also been successfully implemented to monitor the free monomer concentration in homopolymerizations in which the heat of the reaction, which is proportional to the rate of the polymerization, is measured .…”

Section: Fundamental Challenges In the Production Of Emulsion Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer Colloids: Current Challenges, Emerging Applications, and New Developments

et al. 2023

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Polymer colloids are complex materials that have the potential to be used in a vast array of applications. One of the main reasons for their continued growth in commercial use is the water-based emulsion polymerization process through which they are generally synthesized. This technique is not only highly efficient from an industrial point of view but also extremely versatile and permits the large-scale production of colloidal particles with controllable properties. In this perspective, we seek to highlight the central challenges in the synthesis and use of polymer colloids, with respect to both existing and emerging applications. We first address the challenges in the current production and application of polymer colloids, with a particular focus on the transition toward sustainable feedstocks and reduced environmental impact in their primary commercial applications. Later, we highlight the features that allow novel polymer colloids to be designed and applied in emerging application areas. Finally, we present recent approaches that have used the unique colloidal nature in unconventional processing techniques.

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Section: Fundamental Challenges In the Production Of Emulsion Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fundamental Challenges In the Production Of Emulsion Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Colloids: Current Challenges, Emerging Applications, and New Developments

et al. 2023

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“…An overview of Raman spectroscopy in emulsion polymerizations and the problems when using this technique is given in [52]. Properties like polymer viscosity can be calculated using Raman spectroscopy data and multivariate calibration systems.…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization Online Monitoring

Frauendorfer¹,

Wolf²,

Hergeth³

2010

Chem Eng & Technol

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Online monitoring of polymerization reactions is not only important due to the high exothermic nature of most polymerization systems; the data gained also provides information on product composition and quality and control possibilities thereof. Many inline and online methods are still in development and are better suited for application on the laboratory or pilot-plant scale. Industrial polymerization plant environments pose additional technical and financial challenges and constraints for the use of such systems. Available methods and current developments are reviewed with regard to their practicability and usefulness under these aspects.

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Industrial Perspectives

Kandelbauer

Rahe

Kessler

2012

Handbook of Biophotonics

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The sections in this article are Introduction and Definitions Introduction Historical Aspects Definition of Quality: Product Functionality Quality Control Quality Assurance Management and Strategy PAT Initiative PAT Toolbox The Concept of Quality by Design ( Qb D ) ICH The Concept of a Design Space Implications for Other Branches of the Life Sciences General Remarks Biotechnology Food Industry Summary and Outlook Toolboxes for Process Control and Understanding Introduction: Causality Sampling Process Validation Role of Design of Experiments ( Do E ) Role of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis ( FMEA ) Measurement Technologies (How to Measure) Selection of the Appropriate Technique Working in Aqueous Systems Trace Analysis Qualification of a Spectrometer Data Analysis and Calibration (How to Process Data and How to Calibrate) Introduction Spectral Data Pretreatments and Data Cleaning Chemometrics Regression Analysis Process Control (How to Control a Process) Specific Problems Encountered in Industrial Process Analytics Moisture Measurements ( NIR , MW ) NIR Spectroscopy Microwave Resonance Technique ( MWR ) Process Analytics of Solids and Surfaces: Specular and Diffuse Reflectance Working in Multiple Scattering Systems: Separating Scatter from Absorbance Basics in the Measurement of Opaque Systems Separation of Scatter from Absorption Optical Penetration Depth Spectral Imaging and Multipoint Spectroscopy Survey Through Industrial Applications Selection of Applications Pharmaceutical Industry UV /Vis Spectroscopy NIR Spectroscopy Raman Spectroscopy Imaging Techniques Food and Agriculture UV /Vis Spectroscopy NIR Spectroscopy Raman Spectroscopy Imaging Techniques Polymers UV /Vis Spectroscopy NIR Spectroscopy Raman Spectroscopy Imaging Techniques Perspectives Technology Roadmap 2015+ Medical Applications and Tomographic Imaging Multi‐ Point‐Information Systems in Manufacturing Multimodal Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy Microreactor Control and Reaction Tomography

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Raman Application in Emulsion Polymerization Systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 88 publications

Polymer Colloids: Current Challenges, Emerging Applications, and New Developments

Polymer Colloids: Current Challenges, Emerging Applications, and New Developments

Polymerization Online Monitoring

Industrial Perspectives

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