Raman Application in Bone Imaging

Bone material properties in actively bone-forming trabeculae in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis after three years of treatment with once-yearly Zoledronic acid

“…Once acquired, the Raman spectra were baseline corrected (rubber band, five iterations) so as to account for fluorescence, (10) and the following Raman parameters were calculated, as published elsewhere (2,11) : (1) The mineral/matrix ratio was expressed as the integrated areas of the v 1 PO 4 (930 to 980 cm À1 ) to the amide I (1620 to 1700 cm À1 ) bands and of Crosses indicate regions where Raman spectra were acquired. For this study, only spectra obtained between the two labels (denoted by black arrows) were processed.…”

“…the v 2 PO 4 (410 to 460 cm À1 ) to the amide III (1215 to 1300 cm À1 ) bands, (12,13) (2) the relative type A carbonate content was expressed as a ratio of the integrated areas of the A-type CO 2À 3 (1095 to 1115 cm À1 ) to the v 2 PO 4 (410 to 460 cm À1 ) bands, (2) (3) the relative type B carbonate content was expressed as a ratio of the integrated areas of the B-type CO 2À 3 (1050 to 1100 cm À1 ) to the v 2 PO 4 (410 to 460 cm À1 ) bands, (2) (4) the relative proteoglycan content was expressed as the GAG/mineral ratio [the ratio of the integrated areas of the GAG/CH 3 (1365 to 1390 cm À1 ) band (representative of mucopolysaccharides) (2,14,15) to the v 2 PO 4 (410 to 460 cm À1 ) band], as well as GAG/organic matrix [based on the ratio of the integrated Raman bands CH 3 (1365 to 1390 cm À1 ) to amide III (1215 to 1300 cm À1 )], and (5) the maturity/crystallinity of the bone mineral apatite crystallites was approximated from the full width at half height (FWHH) of the v 1 PO 4 (930 to 980 cm À1 ) band. (2) Statistical analysis For each biopsy, three trabeculae with double tetracycline labels were analyzed, and in each of these regions, three measurements were obtained, for a total of nine measurements. For each patient, these nine values were averaged, and the resulting value was treated as a single statistical unit.…”

Time-resolved diffused optical characterization of key tissue constituents of human bony prominence locations

“…Remolding and damage caused by loading affect tissue composition 1 . Non-invasive observation of physiological conditions of bone can predict pathologies related to bone.…”

Noninvasive Raman spectroscopy of rat tibiae: approach toin vivoassessment of bone quality

“…Remodeling of bone changes its chemical composition, which is an important indicator of its physiological status and mechanical competence. 1,2 The ability to measure changes in chemical composition of bone is, therefore, important. [2][3][4] Existing noninvasive technologies used to monitor bone evaluate the morphology and calcium content, but provide no direct information on other properties of the tissue.…”

“…1,2 The ability to measure changes in chemical composition of bone is, therefore, important. [2][3][4] Existing noninvasive technologies used to monitor bone evaluate the morphology and calcium content, but provide no direct information on other properties of the tissue. [5][6][7][8][9] Vibrational spectroscopy has proved useful in the study of bone development, bone biomechanics, and bone pathologies because it provides this composition information.…”