Ramadan and diabetes: What we see, learn and understand from continuous glucose monitoring

Monnier, L.; Azrak, A. El; Lessan, Nader; Rochd, D.; Colette, C.; Bonnet, Fabrice

doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2015.09.002

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These results suggest that Ramadan fasting is likely to cause substantial changes in glycaemic control in type 2 diabetics and therefore their meal patterns require particular attention. This is because when food is eaten at the breaking of fast, blood glucose increases drastically, followed by overnight hyperglycaemia due to late-night eating, while the meal taken before dawn causes prolonged glucose decay in the daytime [ 115 ]. This pattern of glycaemic increase and decrease is more common among diabetic patients under medication and in patients who have poor control of their condition or do not comply with lifestyle recommendations [ 115 , 116 ].…”

Section: Metabolic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because when food is eaten at the breaking of fast, blood glucose increases drastically, followed by overnight hyperglycaemia due to late-night eating, while the meal taken before dawn causes prolonged glucose decay in the daytime [ 115 ]. This pattern of glycaemic increase and decrease is more common among diabetic patients under medication and in patients who have poor control of their condition or do not comply with lifestyle recommendations [ 115 , 116 ]. Hence, from a religious and cultural point of view, Ramadan fasting is encouraged in healthy individuals and those with health conditions are exempted from this fasting ritual.…”

Section: Metabolic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding during Ramadan on Dietary Intake, Body Composition and Metabolic Outcomes

Osman¹,

Haldar²,

Henry

2020

Nutrients

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Ramadan fasting is a form of time-restricted feeding which combines a fast and feast period daily for a duration of one month every year. During Ramadan, Muslims abstain from food and drink consumption from dawn till sunset and this change in the meal schedule and frequency results in significant changes to the composition of the diet, such as energy and nutrient intake. These changes in dietary habits and their corresponding effects on cardiometabolic disease risk are compiled in this review. Ramadan fasting shows limited benefits to body composition via reductions in body mass in both healthy and obese individuals, although the results are often found to be transient and heterogeneous. There is, however, a more consistent improvement in blood lipid profile during Ramadan fasting, which often lasts beyond the Ramadan period. The results for glucose homeostasis, on the contrary, are more conflicting and inconclusive. The heterogeneity in the findings from the various studies can be generally attributed to cultural variations in dietary habits, differences in the duration of fasting due to seasonal/climatic differences at various geographical locations, age, gender and socioeconomic status, as well as other health and lifestyle factors of the various study populations.

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Section: Metabolic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding during Ramadan on Dietary Intake, Body Composition and Metabolic Outcomes

Osman¹,

Haldar²,

Henry

2020

Nutrients

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“…The sunset meal that breaks the fast can average up to 150 g of carbohydrates and over 1200 kcal and usually includes dates, meat or cheese pastries and rice. 105 , 106 This is traditionally followed by an additional meal eaten a few hours later or nocturnal grazing. 106 One food survey of 340 Moroccan households found significant increases in energy intake, carbohydrate intake, sucrose intake, sodium intake, and calcium intake and a significant decrease in protein and lipid intake.…”

Section: Challenges Affecting Lcd Adherence In Patients With Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to Low-Carbohydrate Diets in Patients with Diabetes: A Narrative Review

Kumar¹,

Merrill²,

Carlson³

et al. 2022

DMSO

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Evidence suggests that low carbohydrate (<130 g/day of carbohydrate) (LCD) and very low carbohydrate, ketogenic diets (typically <50 g/day of carbohydrate) (VLCKD) can be effective tools for managing diabetes given their beneficial effects on weight loss and glycemic control. VLCKD also result in favorable lipid profile changes. However, these beneficial effects can be limited by poor dietary adherence. Cultural, religious, and economic barriers pose unique challenges to achieving nutritional compliance with LCD and VLCKD. We review the various methods for assessing adherence in clinical studies and obstacles posed, as well as potential solutions to these challenges.

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“…Some of these health benefits may be due a mild energy restriction, and modest weight loss that is typically observed in response to Ramadan fasting [56,57,61,62]. However, postprandial hyperglycaemia [63], increased fasting blood glucose and deterioration in glycaemic control [57,64] have also been reported. We speculate that implementing a TRF protocol at night will be beneficial for regulation of body weight, and cardiovascular outcomes, but not for glycaemic control.…”

Section: Matching Food Intake With Body Clocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matching Meals to Body Clocks—Impact on Weight and Glucose Metabolism

2017

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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to rise worldwide and is reaching pandemic proportions. The notion that this is due to obesity, resulting from excessive energy consumption and reduced physical activity, is overly simplistic. Circadian de-synchrony, which occurs when physiological processes are at odds with timing imposed by internal clocks, also promotes obesity and impairs glucose tolerance in mouse models, and is a feature of modern human lifestyles. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is known about glucose metabolism in animal and human models of circadian de-synchrony and examine the evidence as to whether shifts in meal timing contribute to impairments in glucose metabolism, gut hormone secretion and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Lastly, we examine whether restricting food intake to discrete time periods, will prevent or reverse abnormalities in glucose metabolism with the view to improving metabolic health in shift workers and in those more generally at risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

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Ramadan and diabetes: What we see, learn and understand from continuous glucose monitoring

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding during Ramadan on Dietary Intake, Body Composition and Metabolic Outcomes

Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding during Ramadan on Dietary Intake, Body Composition and Metabolic Outcomes

Adherence to Low-Carbohydrate Diets in Patients with Diabetes: A Narrative Review

Matching Meals to Body Clocks—Impact on Weight and Glucose Metabolism

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