Ralstonia solanacearum Infection Disturbed the Microbiome Structure Throughout the Whole Tobacco Crop Niche as Well as the Nitrogen Metabolism in Soil

Abstract

Infections of Ralstonia solanacearum result in huge agricultural and economic losses. As known, the proposal of effective biological measures for the control of soil disease depends on the complex interactions between pathogens, soil microbiota and soil properties, which remains to be studied. Previous studies have shown that the phosphorus availability increased pathobiome abundance and infection of rhizosphere microbial networks by Ralstonia. Similarly, as a nutrient necessary for plant growth, nitrogen has also been suggested to be strongly associated with Ralstonia infection. To further reveal the relationship between soil nitrogen content, soil nitrogen metabolism and Ralstonia pathogens, we investigated the effects of R. solanacearum infection on the whole tobacco niche and its soil nitrogen metabolism. The results demonstrated that Ralstonia infection resulted in a reduction of the ammonium nitrogen in soil and the total nitrogen in plant. The microbes in rhizosphere and the plant’s endophytes were also significantly disturbed by the infection. Rhodanobacter which is involved in nitrogen metabolism significantly decreased. Moreover, the load of microbial nitrogen metabolism genes in the rhizosphere soil significantly varied after the infection, resulting in a stronger denitrification process in the diseased soil. These results suggest that the application management strategies of nitrogen fertilizing and a balanced regulation of the rhizosphere and the endophytic microbes could be promising strategies in the biological control of soil-borne secondary disasters.

Differences in microbial diversity and environmental factors in ploughing-treated tobacco soil

“…The original soil samples were screened through an 18-mesh sieve (1 mm diameter) to avoid fine roots, plant residues, stones, and other stones. And the samples were stored in a refrigerator at −80°C for subsequent experimental analysis ( Brow et al, 2010 ; Rissanen et al, 2010 ; Shen et al, 2021 ; Zhang Y. et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). After air drying, the basic physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of the soil were determined, including pH, water content (WC), total nitrogen (TN), soil organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), sucrase (S-SC), urease (UE), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), nitrate reductase (NR), and acid phosphatase (ACP) ( Wang et al, 2019 ).…”

Caracterización morfológica y bioquímica de Ralstonia solanacearum Raza 2, bacteria patógena en cultivos de banano y plátano en El Carmen, Manabí, Ecuador

“…Sin embargo, existen estudios mucho más amplios respecto al tema que han descrito que las fincas sanas tienen una mayor cantidad de materia orgánica (Bautista-Montealegre et al, 2016). Otros autores han mencionado la correlación positiva entre el porcentaje de materia orgánica en suelo y la abundancia de la bacteria R. solanacearum (Wang et al, 2022). Yadessa et al (2010) demostró en un estudio que la mejora de las características fisicoquímicas del suelo, como la materia orgánica, posiblemente tengan efectos negativos en el patógeno, este aumento de materia orgánica puede desempeñar un papel importante en la minimización del daño infligido a la planta por R. solanacearum.…”

Radical-induced rapid humification of waste milk and the performance of derived slow release fulvic-like fertilizer

“…In addition, after SRNFF treatment, the relative abundances of two pathogens (Comamonadaceae and Ralstonia) decreased from 2.0 and 1.6 to 0.63% and 0.09%, respectively. Therein, the Ralstonia could inhibit nitrogen metabolism in soil, leading to lower levels of total and ammonium nitrogen 55,56 . These results indicated that the addition of SRNFF was favorable to soil bacterial community.…”