Raiseboring in difficult rock conditions

Edelbro, Catrin; Brummer, Richard; Pierce, Matthew; Sandström, Daniel; Sjöberg, Jonny

doi:10.36487/acg_rep/1925_11_edelbro

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…2 Large slabs of rock falling onto the reamer can cause damage or blockages. 1,3 The "blocky-ness" of highly jointed or highly stressed rock faces leading to damaging shocks and impacts has beenzobserved in tunnel boring machines, 4 and also occurs in raise boring operations. 5 2.…”

Section: Known Issues During Reamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…large convergence of the shaft or various forms of wedge failure of the rock face or shaft walls (uncontrolled overbreak) in highly jointed rock 2 . Large slabs of rock falling onto the reamer can cause damage or blockages 1,3 . The “blocky‐ness” of highly jointed or highly stressed rock faces leading to damaging shocks and impacts has beenzobserved in tunnel boring machines, 4 and also occurs in raise boring operations 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of a raise boring reamer in operation based on acceleration measurements

Rigler,

Speck,

Flora

2024

Civil Engineering Design

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The understanding of the complex dynamic phenomena occurring during the reaming operations of the raise boring process is limited. Any operational damage of the reamer is very likely to be caused by component failure due to fatigue effects from the dynamic processes. Therefore, an innovative measurement setup consisting of acceleration sensors in three axes was installed on a reamer to capture its movements and vibrations during operation. The capture of the reaming process by acceleration sensors was successful, however no operational damage on the reamer was observed during the reaming of three vertical shafts. The collected vibration data was implemented into a dynamic finite element assessment, which is intended to serve for lifetime predictions of components and predictive maintenance. A further step is investigating the potential for the implementation of the measurement data into a condition monitoring system and for optimizing the reaming operation.

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Section: Known Issues During Reamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a raise boring reamer in operation based on acceleration measurements

Rigler,

Speck,

Flora

2024

Civil Engineering Design

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“…• High-stress environments: an indication of potential high-stress issues in shafts can be determined from the design charts presented by Edelbro et al (2019). In addition, general support approach concepts are suggested in this same paper.…”

Section: Difficult Ground Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground support methods for vertical development

Scott,

Sidea,

Masters

2023

Ground Support 2023: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Ground Support in Mining

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Vertical development is an integral part of underground mining. At a minimum, underground operations require vertical development for ventilation and secondary means of egress; many deep mines also require haulage shafts for material extraction. Vertical development can be excavated by various methods with raiseboring becoming one of the most common methods in Australian underground operations due to its speed, efficiency and safety. Other excavation methods for vertical development include blind boring, blind sinking, strip-and-line and vertical shaft sinking machine (VSM). Access for the installation of ground support varies depending on the excavation method.Vertical development is often required to be functional over many years (20+). Once commissioned, it is often difficult or impossible to re-access shafts for rehabilitation support. The decision to support and the type of support, if required, can be critical to the shaft's operational success. The decision to support may be based on the performance requirement of the shaft, availability of access and anticipated stability issues. Stability issues ranging from near-surface weathered material, isolated poorer zones in more favourable rock masses and competent rock/high stress to base of shaft geometry are considered in this paper. An individual shaft may have several areas that require support and may require different assessment approaches.In this paper, three main zones of vertical development are considered for stability and support design; the collar (near-surface poorer quality weathered zone/soils if excavated from surface), broken zones/poor ground conditions and the base of the shaft development. Many methods of assessing shaft behaviour and support requirements exist. This paper discusses typical shaft ground support types and selected methods of stability and support assessment, types of support, loading conditions and examples for various excavation methods/ground conditions.

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A review on the geotechnical design and optimisation of ultra-long ore passes for deep mass mining

Salmi,

Phan,

Sellers

et al. 2024

Environ Earth Sci

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Enhancing mine energy efficiency and productivity necessitates the implementation of longer ore passes, exceeding 300 m, to optimise material transport in underground mass mining. This research has revealed sporadic historical use of extremely long ore passes, stretching beyond 500 m and reaching up to 650–700 m, in both surface and underground settings. However, the scarcity of available data related to the primary engineering, geological, and geotechnical risks associated with the design, implementation, operation, and maintenance of long ore passes implies an urgent need for research into strategies to mitigate uncertainties in the design and optimisation of these passes. A comprehensive gap analysis from available ore pass projects worldwide, compiling various geological and geotechnical parameters affecting the ore passes’ design and optimisation, identifies new techniques for designing these critical rock structures, highlights deficiencies in current methodologies, and shows areas for enhancement through expert elicitation techniques and risk assessment methods. Key utilisation scenarios for ore passes exceeding 300 m in length were also identified within the research and categorised into the design phase, emphasising stability, inclination, and gate loading, and the construction phase, including drilling, blasting, raiseboring, and support and lining, and the operational phase, encompassing flow dynamics, hang-ups, and ore fragmentation consequences. Insights gleaned from this comprehensive literature review and gap analysis provide a robust foundation for geotechnical engineers involved in the design of long and ultra-long ore passes for deep mass mining. These findings can empower engineers by enabling them to proactively anticipate, effectively respond to, and continually learn from the challenges inherent in the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of ultra-long and long ore passes. Further research is needed to facilitate energy-efficient material transfer in deep mass mining, including proper design and implementation of passes in uncertain geological conditions. This includes techniques for investigating the long-term stability of ore passes, enhancing the understanding of the risk of structural failure, improving characterisation of rock fragments, investigating flow dynamics, identifying better liner materials, methods for determining optimal pass placement, improving surveying and monitoring techniques, quantifying the rheological behaviour of muck and wet muck for flowability assessment, assessing the impact of mining-induced stresses on the stability of long ore passes, and developing safer and more efficient techniques for the mitigation and recovery of hang-ups.

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Raiseboring in difficult rock conditions

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Analysis of a raise boring reamer in operation based on acceleration measurements

Analysis of a raise boring reamer in operation based on acceleration measurements

Ground support methods for vertical development

A review on the geotechnical design and optimisation of ultra-long ore passes for deep mass mining

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