Rainwater Harvesting in Large Residential Buildings in Australia

Rahman, Ataur; Dbais, Joseph; Islam, Sk Mazharul; Eroksuz, Erhan; Haddad, Khaled

doi:10.5772/35274

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Hence, harvested water needs some necessary treatments before supplying for drinking purposes. While previous works [64,65] satisfy that the measured inorganic compounds in the harvested rainwater from roofyard catchment systems can match the international (e.g., [33]) guidelines for drinking water quality, our observations show that concentrations of some inorganic compounds in the rainwater collected from urban (e.g., asphalted and/or concreted) surfaces appear to be out of our considered national and international regulations of the drinking water quality. Disinfection should then be applied to improve the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water.…”

Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarkscontrasting

confidence: 58%

Feasibility of Rainwater Harvesting and Consumption in a Middle Eastern Semiarid Urban Area

Ranaee

Abbasi

Yazdi

et al. 2021

Water

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Recent developments of Middle Eastern metropolitans, and the related soaring trend of population increase, is contemporary with the impacts of climate changes. This applies extra pressures to the centralized large-scale water treatment and distribution systems. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) for domestic urban activities can be a sustainable option of adapting with the rising demand of soft water in such an arid/semiarid area. A pilot system of rainwater draining and storage was constructed for alleviating parts of soft water scarcity in Mashhad, the second most populous city of Iran. Measurements were collected for two years at the drainage basin outlet and inside of a storage tank, which has been equipped for water harvesting purposes. We performed some preliminary stochastic analysis and evaluated probabilistic properties of the collected dataset, aiming to explain them with respect to the physical characteristics of the RWH system. Data clustering analysis confirmed that the quality of the water may change during rainwater draining and storage in the RWH tank. Particularly, sodium content of the sampled water in the drainage catchment illustrated higher variations, compared with the ones evaluated for the stored water in the reservoir tank. This can confirm that the quality of the stored water in the RWH reservoir is more stable than that obtained for each separate rainfall–runoff event. We assessed the potential of the harvested water in different consumption contexts, in light of some national and international water quality (physicochemical, biological, and toxic pollutants) guidelines. We relied on water quality indices (WQI) to interpret multiparametric properties of the collected rainwater from urban surfaces; consequently, the quality of the harvested water was categorized with moderate to almost good attributes. This makes it well suited for irrigation uses, which can play a relevant role against water shortages in the analyzed semiarid urban region. Otherwise, infiltration and treatments need to be performed if using harvested water for drinking consumptions (of human or livestock), some of which may be costly for local owners/uses. We provide some suggestions for improving efficiency of the system and enhancing the quality of the harvesting water.

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Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarkscontrasting

confidence: 58%

Feasibility of Rainwater Harvesting and Consumption in a Middle Eastern Semiarid Urban Area

Ranaee

Abbasi

Yazdi

et al. 2021

Water

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“…•• ) route as shown in step 3; 19 On the other hand, if the atmosphere is humidified and the temperature is relatively low (∼450 • C), most if not all oxygen vacancy can be assumed to be protonated, and the charge transfer step is expected to proceed primarily via the proton ((OH) O…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Behaviors for Ag, LSCF and BSCF as Oxygen Electrodes for Proton Conducting IT-SOFC

Sun¹,

Cheng²

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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It was found that pure LSCF performs rather poorly like Ag and gives very high interfacial resistance, suggesting sluggish electrode reaction and greatly hindered oxide ion transport between LSCF cathode and BZCYYb electrolyte even under dry condition. In comparison, the LSCF-BZCYYb composite and pure BSCF both show much higher activity toward oxygen electrode reaction, and BSCF outperforms the LSCF composite cathode, suggesting BSCF behaves like a mixed oxide ion-electron conductor in dry atmospheres and a mixed proton-electron conductor in humidified atmospheres. The implication of the experimental observations especially in terms of the similarity and differences in electrochemical behaviors between different electrode materials to the overall cathode reaction mechanism for proton conducting IT-SOFC is discussed, and the directions for further improving the cathode performance for proton conducting IT-SOFC are pointed out.

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“…Furumai et al [64] Australia The government offers up to $500 rebates to houses that install a RWHS. Rahman et al [67] Taiwan A new guideline for RWHS as new water conservation alternative for domestic water use is issued for national buildings.…”

Section: Countrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Rainwater Harvesting in Malaysia: Prospects and Challenges

Lani

Yusop

Syafiuddin

2018

Water

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The mismatch between freshwater demand and its availability is a major problem that causes global water scarcity. The exploration and utilization of rainwater seem to be viable options for minimizing the aforementioned issue. This manuscript reviews the prospects and challenges of the rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) in Malaysia. Malaysia can be categorized as a country that has high annual rainfall, as well as high domestic water consumption. Thus, Malaysia is well positioned to harvest rainwater for both potable and non-potable uses. Although the RWH guidelines were issued in Malaysia in 1999, the implementation of RWHS as an alternative water resource is still very limited due to its long return on investment and poor public acceptance. Major future challenges on the implementation of RWHS in Malaysia are to achieve competitive cost, the wide application of commercial buildings, a cost effective treatment system, effective policy implementation, the application of green materials, public perception improvement, and reliable first flush technology. Some recommendations such as providing appropriate subsidies and limiting the use of piped water are necessary for implementing RWHS at wider scales.

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Rainwater Harvesting in Large Residential Buildings in Australia

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Feasibility of Rainwater Harvesting and Consumption in a Middle Eastern Semiarid Urban Area

Feasibility of Rainwater Harvesting and Consumption in a Middle Eastern Semiarid Urban Area

Electrochemical Behaviors for Ag, LSCF and BSCF as Oxygen Electrodes for Proton Conducting IT-SOFC

A Review of Rainwater Harvesting in Malaysia: Prospects and Challenges

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