Rainwater harvesting for supplemental irrigation of onions in the southern dry lands of Ethiopia

Assefa, Shibeshi; Biazin, Birhanu; Muluneh, Alemayehu; Yimer, Fantaw; Haileslassie, Amare

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2016.10.012

Cited by 26 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…ance modelling The USDA National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) agency, formerly known as the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), has developed the SCS-CN approach (Mishra and Singh, 2003) which has been widely used during the last decades, also in the Sahelian context (see e.g. Peugeot et al, 1997;Gerbaux et al, 2009;Assefa et al, 2016). This method allows to evaluate the partitioning of rainfall between hortonian overland flow and infiltration, which is supposed to be proportional to the degree of saturation of the soil, assuming a soil-specific storage capacity.…”

Section: Modified Scs-cn Methods For Continuous Water Bal-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the water balance on farming practices at plot scale: Case study of Tougou watershed in Northern Burkina Faso

Zouré¹,

Queloz²,

Koïta³

et al. 2019

CATENA

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In the Sahel region, farmers have adopted various farming practices to improve agricultural yields in order to offset an increasingly variable climate regime and the extension of degraded land. This study analyses the functional behaviour of such three selected water-harvesting techniques (stone rows, zaï and half-moon) as compared to the traditional tillage method through a comprehensive experimental setup monitored during three consecutive growing seasons (2015-2017). The results indicate that these farming practices allow a runoff reduction by 25 to 100%. We propose a continuous model simulating the hydrological dynamics of the farming techniques at plot scale. This model is able to reproduce accurately the observed runoff (R 2 = 0.73 − 0.95), and gives an insight of the variability of the water storage for each type of techniques in response to the rainfall regime. It appears in particular that zaï and half-moons are able to mitigate the effect of dry spells by sustaining available water for crops over extended periods up to three weeks, whereas the direct seeding and stone row techniques rapidly leads to plant water deficit after five days. Even though water infiltration is essentially fostered by surface water retention during rainfall events, our observations suggest that the changes induced to the hydrological dynamics by farming practices also affect soil physical, chemical and biological properties. These effects help completing the explanation of crop yield improvements, but raise some questions of soil evolution and farming practice performances in the long run.

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Section: Modified Scs-cn Methods For Continuous Water Bal-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the water balance on farming practices at plot scale: Case study of Tougou watershed in Northern Burkina Faso

Zouré¹,

Queloz²,

Koïta³

et al. 2019

CATENA

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“…These results show that the variability, as well as the uncertainty, in the yields, are higher under the rainfed conditions (WS-NI) than under the dry season CDI and FI. The high variability under rainfed conditions is likely due to inadequate rainfall distribution and dry spells in the wet season [79]. On average, the expected maize crop yield achieved in the wet season is 3.5 Mg/ha (Figure 5a).…”

Section: Maize Crop Under Rainfed Conditions (Ws-ni)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Deficit and Supplemental Irrigation under Climate Variability in Northern Togo, West Africa

Gadédjisso-Tossou

Schütze

2018

Water

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In the context of a growing population in West Africa and frequent yield losses due to erratic rainfall, it is necessary to improve stability and productivity of agricultural production systems, e.g., by introducing and assessing the potential of alternative irrigation strategies which may be applicable in this region. For this purpose, five irrigation management strategies, ranging from no irrigation (NI) to controlled deficit irrigation (CDI) and full irrigation (FI), were evaluated concerning their impact on the inter-seasonal variability of the expected yields and improvements of the yield potential. The study was conducted on a maize crop (Zea mays L.) at a representative site in northern Togo with a hot semi-arid climate and pronounced dry and wet rainfall seasons. The OCCASION (Optimal Climate Change Adaption Strategies in Irrigation) framework was adapted and applied. It consists of: (i) a weather generator for simulating long climate time series; (ii) the AquaCrop model, which was used to simulate the irrigation system during the growing season and the yield response of maize to the considered irrigation management strategies; and (iii) a problem-specific algorithm for optimal irrigation scheduling with limited water supply. We found high variability in rainfall during the wet season which leads to considerable variability in the expected yield for rainfed conditions (NI). This variability was significantly reduced when supplemental irrigation management strategies (CDI or FI) requiring a reasonably low water demand of about 150 mm were introduced. For the dry season, it was shown that both irrigation management strategies (CDI and FI) would increase yield potential for the local variety TZEE-W up to 4.84 Mg/ha and decrease the variability of the expected yield at the same time. However, even with CDI management, more than 400 mm of water is required if irrigation would be introduced during the dry season in northern Togo. Substantial rainwater harvesting and irrigation infrastructures would be needed to achieve that. precipitation patterns [5]. The variation of the food diets in many developing countries compound this problem and lead to the demand for more processed food and animal proteins by consumers [6].The World Bank [7] reports that the rate of increase in food demand is projected to be higher in developing than in developed countries. These are also the regions that are subject to a wide yield gap. The world demand (billion tons) of cereals was 1.20 in 1974, 1.84 in 1997 and is expected to be 2.50 in 2020 [8]. In addition, van Ittersum et al. [9] pointed out that Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the region with lowest food security because by 2050 its demand for cereals will almost triple, whereas current levels of cereal consumption already rely on considerable importations.Lobell and Gourdji [10] pointed out that, in the past several decades, air temperatures have been increasing in most of the main cereal cropping areas around the world. They added that the changes in temperature and the intensity...

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“…RWHS can be defined as direct collection of rainwater from roof and other purpose-built catchments and the collection of sheet runoff from man-made ground or natural surface catchment and rock catchment for potable and non-potable uses. Studies on RWHS have been intensively carried out, since this system has several advantages for the environment and community [82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91]. Over the past four decades, the number of studies related to RWHS has increased exponentially as shown in Figure 3 based on a keyword 'RWHS' in Scopus database.…”

Section: Global Perspective Of Rwhsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Rainwater Harvesting in Malaysia: Prospects and Challenges

Lani

Yusop

Syafiuddin

2018

Water

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The mismatch between freshwater demand and its availability is a major problem that causes global water scarcity. The exploration and utilization of rainwater seem to be viable options for minimizing the aforementioned issue. This manuscript reviews the prospects and challenges of the rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) in Malaysia. Malaysia can be categorized as a country that has high annual rainfall, as well as high domestic water consumption. Thus, Malaysia is well positioned to harvest rainwater for both potable and non-potable uses. Although the RWH guidelines were issued in Malaysia in 1999, the implementation of RWHS as an alternative water resource is still very limited due to its long return on investment and poor public acceptance. Major future challenges on the implementation of RWHS in Malaysia are to achieve competitive cost, the wide application of commercial buildings, a cost effective treatment system, effective policy implementation, the application of green materials, public perception improvement, and reliable first flush technology. Some recommendations such as providing appropriate subsidies and limiting the use of piped water are necessary for implementing RWHS at wider scales.

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Rainwater harvesting for supplemental irrigation of onions in the southern dry lands of Ethiopia

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Modelling the water balance on farming practices at plot scale: Case study of Tougou watershed in Northern Burkina Faso

Modelling the water balance on farming practices at plot scale: Case study of Tougou watershed in Northern Burkina Faso

Potential of Deficit and Supplemental Irrigation under Climate Variability in Northern Togo, West Africa

A Review of Rainwater Harvesting in Malaysia: Prospects and Challenges

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