Rainwater harvesting: an option for sustainable rural water supply in Ghana

Opare, Service

doi:10.1007/s10708-011-9418-6

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Opera [27] mentioned that the high level of poverty in rural areas indicates that the government needs to provide more financial support in the form of microcredit to some households. This is so then they can afford to install water facilities to fulfill their need for clean water.…”

Section: Derived Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainwater harvesting system for a sustainable water supply for the poor on Merbau island

et al. 2019

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Difficulty in meeting one's basic daily needs such as clean water in order to fulfill a healthy, clean and productive life is a significant problem for people living on remote islands. Rainwater is the only source of clean water for the community on Merbau Island because of the low quality of the surface and groundwater resources. The majority of Merbau Island is covered by peat and lowlands; hence the rainwater that falls on the land surface is generally contaminated with peat water, which tends to be more acidic. Frequent rainfall at the location produces an abundant volume of water that is sufficient enough to meet the collective household daily demand for clean water. However, the community is not able to provide a large rainwater harvesting facility that can minimize the loss of rainwater into the rivers or seas. This study aimed to obtain data on the field conditions used as the basis for planning RWH systems for domestic needs so as to meet the need for sustainable clean water on Merbau Island. The results show that the highest rainfall recorded in 2013 was 3,164.3 mm. Such an amount of rainwater can fulfill the daily clean water requirements for each household on Merbau Island. The population of poor people on the island is approximately 44%, which results in around 73% of people not having an adequate rainwater harvesting system. The average roof area data, the number of family members and the type of roof, being 213 m 2 , 6 people and zinc (0.9) respectively, using the Rain Cycle v2 software, obtained the result that a 12 m 2 tank is needed to meet the need for clean water throughout the year.

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Section: Derived Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainwater harvesting system for a sustainable water supply for the poor on Merbau island

et al. 2019

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“…There are numerous benefits of RWH (Krishna and Hari 2005;Russell et al 2008). Apart from providing a source of free water, it requires minimal storage and maintenance cost and brings water at the point of need (Onyenechere 2004;Nkwocha 2008;Efe 2006;Opare 2011). It has become an integral part of societies in remote places where piped water and reliance on wells is not an option (Kelvin and Ward 2006).…”

Section: The Need For Rwh In Northeastern Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, there is a the need to harvest rainwater in a more systematic manner to ensure potable water supply to rural communities on a sustainable basis. This paper, therefore, seeks to add to the existing pool of knowledge on RWH as a sustainable alternative to safe water supply (such as Aladenola and Adeboye 2010;Opare 2011;Baguma et al 2010 andEfe 2006). The paper specifically seeks to assess the characteristics of current rural water supply in the region and to evaluate the availability of rainfall in harvesting rainwater as the source of water supply.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainwater Harvesting: An Alternative to Safe Water Supply in Nigerian Rural Communities

Ishaku

Majid

Johar

2011

Water Resour Manage

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Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is an economical small-scale technology that has the potential to augment safe water supply with least disturbance to the environment, especially in the drier regions. In Nigeria, less than half of the population has reasonable access to reliable water supply. This study in northeastern Nigeria determined the rate of water consumption and current water sources before estimating the amount of rainwater that can potentially be harvested. A survey on 200 households in four villages namely, Gayama, Akate, Sidi and Sabongari established that more than half of them rely on sources that are susceptible to drought, i.e. shallow hand-dug wells and natural water bodies, while only 3% harvest rainwater. Taraba and Gombe states where the villages are located have a mean annual rainfall of 1,064 mm and 915 mm respectively. Annual RWH potential per household was estimated to be 63.35 m 3 for Taraba state and 54.47 m 3 for Gombe state. The amount could meet the water demand for the village of Gayama although the other three villages would have to supplement their rainwater with other sources. There is therefore sufficient rainwater to supplement the need of the rural communities if the existing mechanism and low involvement of the villagers in RWH activities could be improved.

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“…Installation of RWH systems in urban settings can also be done in developed areas. In all these settings, the harvested rainwater can be used for domestic purposes, such as drinking and cooking (Kahinda and Taigbenu, 2011;Opare, 2012). Literature for the African continent shows that RWH has been a common practice in South Africa (Kahinda et al, 2007;Malema et al, 2018), Namibia (Sturm et al, 2009), Nigeria (Ishaku et al, 2012), Uganda , Ghana (Opare, 2012) and Zimbabwe (Katsii et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of a Decentralised System in the Treatment of Rainwater in South Africa.

Angala¹,

Tandlich²,

Ngqwala³

et al. 2019

Air and Water Components of the Environment Conference

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Rainwater harvesting provides a low-cost and flexible alternative for drinking water provision in decentralised settings in urban and rural areas of developing countries. Efficiency of a decentralised low-cost filter, i.e. Grifaid® filter, in the treatment of rainwater harvested at various sites at the Rhodes University campus in South Africa, was tested in this study. Sampling took place between beginning of August and end of October 2016. The treatment efficiency results indicate that Grifaid® filters remove 100 % of the faecal bacterial indicators and 100 % of turbidity from the treated rainwater. The pH values of the treated rainwater remain unaffected by the Grifaid® treatment. Ammonium and aluminium concentrations, measured in the harvested rainwater, were not considered dangerous for human health. However, nitrate concentrations surpassed the World Health Organisation of 50 mg/L and will require to be treated using ion exhcnage in further research.

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Rainwater harvesting: an option for sustainable rural water supply in Ghana

Cited by 35 publications

References 42 publications

Rainwater harvesting system for a sustainable water supply for the poor on Merbau island

Rainwater harvesting system for a sustainable water supply for the poor on Merbau island

Rainwater Harvesting: An Alternative to Safe Water Supply in Nigerian Rural Communities

Efficiency of a Decentralised System in the Treatment of Rainwater in South Africa.

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