Rainfall Simulation as a Tool for Urban Water Quality Research

Herngren, Lars F.; Goonetilleke, Ashantha; Sukpum, Ramate; Silva, Dewa De

doi:10.1089/ees.2005.22.378

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Norton nozzle-type rainfall simulator was used in this study. This rainfall simulator was divided into water supply systems and spray systems, and it was consisted of sprinkler, small power machine, pressure gauge, water supply pipe, water hose and so on ( Figure 2) [33]. Sprinkler was set at a height of 2.5 m and a hydraulic pressure of 0.04 MPa to make sure the precipitation was similar to the size and distribution of the raindrops in nature when the nozzle swung.…”

Section: Experimental Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Precipitation and Topography on Total Phosphorus Loss from Purple Soil

Ding

Xue

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:The Sichuan Basin is the main agricultural production area of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and is also an extremely important ecological area because it is rich in biodiversity and has complex and diverse landscape types. The dominant soil type, purple soil, is prone to rapid soil erosion and weathering processes because it is shallow and rich in phosphorus and other nutrients. Field experiments were conducted to reveal the effects of precipitation and topography characteristics on nonpoint source pollutants from purple soil. The results showed that total phosphorus (TP) load and TP concentration both increased with increasing rainfall amount, and there was an initial time of runoff and sediment yield before runoff generation. Moreover, the TP load generally increased with precipitation intensity as setting a coincident value of rainfall amount; however, the difference between TP load at 30 and 60 mm/h was minimal as was the difference between 90 and 120 mm/h. Similarly, TP concentration increased with increasing precipitation intensity. In terms of topographical conditions, TP load increased with increasing gradient, but began to decline when the gradient was about 20 • , which indicates that 20 • is the critical gradient for TP loss. There was a significant positive correlation between gradient and TP concentration when the gradient was <15 • , whereas the increase in TP concentration slowed as the gradient increased.

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Section: Experimental Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Precipitation and Topography on Total Phosphorus Loss from Purple Soil

Ding

Xue

et al. 2017

Water

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“…The research study used a rainfall simulator (13) to replicate the design rainfall events resulting from climate change. The rainfall simulation was based on the studies of Abbs et al (14) who predicted the average fractional change for extreme rainfall intensities at 2, 24 and 72 hour durations for the Gold Coast area in Australia for 2030 and 2070 using CSIRO general circulation model known as CC-MK3 and CSIRO regional downscaling model known as RAMS.…”

Section: Rainfall Simulation Incorporating Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allowance of seven dry days was in conformity with the findings of Egodawatta (17) who noted that the pollutant build-up on road surfaces asymptote to an almost constant value after an antecedent dry period of seven days. The collection plots were connected to a collection trough (13). The runoff water in the collection trough was vacuumed continuously into 25 L plastic containers.…”

Section: Wash-off Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the wash-off of traffic related semi- and non-volatile organic compounds from urban roads under climate change influenced rainfall characteristics

Mahbub

Goonetilleke

Ayoko

2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Traffic generated semi and non volatile organic compounds (SVOCs and NVOCs) pose a serious threat to human and ecosystem health when washed off into receiving water bodies by stormwater. Climate change influenced rainfall characteristics makes the estimation of these pollutants in stormwater quite complex. The research study discussed in the paper developed a prediction framework for such pollutants under the dynamic influence of climate change on rainfall characteristics. It was established through principal component analysis (PCA) that the intensity and durations of low to moderate rain events induced by climate change mainly affect the wash-off of SVOCs and NVOCs from urban roads. The study outcomes were able to overcome the limitations of stringent laboratory preparation of calibration matrices by extracting uncorrelated underlying factors in the data matrices through systematic application of PCA and factor analysis (FA). Based on the initial findings from PCA and FA, the framework incorporated orthogonal rotatable central composite experimental design to set up calibration matrices and partial least square regression to identify significant variables in predicting the target SVOCs and NVOCs in four particulate fractions ranging from >300-1 μm and one dissolved fraction of <1 μm. For the particulate fractions range >300-1 μm, similar distributions of predicted and observed concentrations of the target compounds from minimum to 75th percentile were achieved. The inter-event coefficient of variations for particulate fractions of >300-1 μm were 5% to 25%. The limited solubility of the target compounds in stormwater restricted the predictive capacity of the proposed method for the dissolved fraction of <1 μm.

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“…The research study used a rainfall simulator (Herngren et al 2005b) to replicate the design rainfall events on the road surfaces and a commercially available vacuum cleaner was used to collect the wash-off samples. The rainfall simulator was based on the design of simulators used in agricultural research as described by Floyd (1981) and Loch et al (2001).…”

Section: Wash-off Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It consisted of an A-frame structure made of aluminium tubing of 40-mm diameter. Three Veejet 80100 nozzles, spaced 1 m apart are mounted on a stainless steel boom at a height of 2.4 m. This is the prescribed height for creating terminal velocities similar to natural rainfall for all drop sizes (Herngren 2005b). Further details on the design of the simulator can be found in Herngren et al (2005b) and Loch et al (2001).…”

Section: Wash-off Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of climate change on the wash-off of volatile organic compounds from urban roads

Mahbub

Goonetilleke

Egodawatta

2011

Science of The Total Environment

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Rainfall Simulation as a Tool for Urban Water Quality Research

Cited by 34 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of Precipitation and Topography on Total Phosphorus Loss from Purple Soil

Effects of Precipitation and Topography on Total Phosphorus Loss from Purple Soil

Prediction of the wash-off of traffic related semi- and non-volatile organic compounds from urban roads under climate change influenced rainfall characteristics

Effects of climate change on the wash-off of volatile organic compounds from urban roads

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