Rainfall on the Meghalaya plateau in northeastern India—one of the rainiest places in the world

Murata, Fumie; Hayashi, Taiichi; Matsumoto, Jun; Asada, Hiroshi

doi:10.1007/s11069-006-9084-z

Cited by 90 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have shown that the 10-20-day (quasibiweekly) rainfall oscillation, associated with the westwardmoving monsoon lows generated over the Bay of Bengal, is dominant over northeast India, including the Meghalaya Hills and Bangladesh (Ohsawa et al 2000;Murata et al 2007), while the 30-60-day periodicity (known as the MaddenJulian oscillation, MJO) is strongest for areas located in southern India (south of 23°N) (Hartmann and Michelsen 1989;Kripalani et al 2004;Kulkarni et al 2009). We defined excess and deficient monsoon years as one standard deviation departure from the long-term rainfall mean .…”

Section: Propagation Of the High Rainfallmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The interaction between large-scale circulation and the local topography plays a crucial role in determining the spatial distribution of rainfall over the Meghalaya Hills (Prokop and Walanus 2003;Murata et al 2007). They form the first orographic barrier for the humid southwest monsoon winds, on their way from the Bay of Bengal to the Himalayas (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies at individual stations over the Meghalaya Hills have concentrated mainly on the very high rainfall at Cherrapunji (Dhar and Farooqui 1973;Thapliyal and Kulshrestha 1992;Dhar and Nandargi 1996;Starkel and Singh 2004;Guhathakurta 2007;Murata et al 2007;Soja and Starkel 2007). Cherrapunji holds the world record for high rainfall, which is of durations of between 31 days and 2 years, over the period of 150 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in the orographic extreme rain events over the Meghalaya Hills in northeast India in the two halves of the twentieth century

Prokop

Walanus

2014

Theor Appl Climatol

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The daily rainfall data for the twentieth century, from three stations across the region, constitute the basis for statistical analysis. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio makes it difficult to find any significant departure from the simplest null hypothesis of the stability of the rain record at individual stations in northeast India. Only the coarsest possible view, i.e. comparing the two halves of the century, provided strongly significant results in the numbers of days with extreme rain. Using a more general approach, the number of Fourier transform extreme amplitudes also differed significantly. Increasingly heavy events during the summer monsoon season, and partly in the pre-and post-monsoon seasons, are offset by a weakening in the winter monsoon season, so that the annual mean rainfall does not show a significant trend over the Meghalaya Hills. Apart from a greater number of years with noticeable extreme rainfall events in the second half of the twentieth century, we can also observe a more pronounced quasi-periodicity of 10-20 and 30-60 days during the same period. The detection of the latter periodicity indicates that the Madden-Julian oscillation plays an important role in the formation of extreme rainfall events over the Meghalaya Hills during extreme monsoon years.

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Section: Propagation Of the High Rainfallmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in the orographic extreme rain events over the Meghalaya Hills in northeast India in the two halves of the twentieth century

Prokop

Walanus

2014

Theor Appl Climatol

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“…1), and it is known as one of the heaviest rainfall areas (Murata et al 2007). Topographic lifting by the Meghalaya Plateau is considered one of the important factors for the heavy precipitation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daytime Thermodynamic and Airflow Structures over Northeast Bangladesh during the Pre-Monsoon Season: A Case Study on 25 April 2010

Murata

Terao

Kiguchi

et al. 2011

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Simultaneous intensive radiosonde observation at three stations over northeast (Sylhet), central (Dhaka), and northwest (Bogra) Bangladesh was analyzed to describe a three-dimensional thermodynamic and airflow structures on 25 April 2010, in which a distinct nocturnal rainfall occurred at Sylhet. As the observation was conducted in the daytime, the observed structures represent convectively inactive condition in a diurnal cycle. Local circulation was unclear and larger-scale airflow was dominated over Sylhet. The radiosonde observation indicated strong subsidence within 1-5 km over Dhaka and Bogra and within 4-5 km over Sylhet, whereas topographic uplifting of southwesterly airflow was observed within 1-3 km over Sylhet. Temperature profiles of Sylhet up to 3 km were lower than that of other stations, and easterly wind was observed at the surface.

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“…The interaction between large-scale circulation and the topography plays a crucial role in determining the rainfall pattern of the Eastern Himalaya (Anders et al 2006;Houze et al 2007;Murata et al 2007;Medina et al 2010;Goswami et al 2010;Romatschke and Houze 2011;Prokop and Walanus 2015). These studies have revealed two general rainfall gradients in this area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Darjeeling–Bhutan Himalayan front on rainfall hazard pattern

Prokop

Walanus

2017

Nat Hazards

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Multiscale interaction between monsoonal circulation and the local topography causes the southern front of the Darjeeling-Bhutan Himalaya to receive one of the highest annual rainfalls (3000-6000 mm) and most frequent heavy rains (up to 800 mm day -1 ) along the whole southern Himalayan margin. An examination of the patterns of annual rainfall, rainfall concentration, overland flow generation and slope instability indices in the Darjeeling-Bhutan Himalaya for 1986-2015 indicates that the mountain front disturbs rainfall gradient between the Bay of Bengal and the Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the precipitation concentration indices are lowest at the Himalayan front where the annual rainfall and the number of rainy days are highest. The Himalayan front has the highest predisposition to produce overland flow compared to adjacent foreland and the mountain interior. The average probability of the rainfall initialising the shallow landslides increases from 0.6% for a 1-day rainfall threshold of 144 mm to 6.1% for a 4-day rainfall threshold of 193 mm in the study area. The highest probability (up to 10%) of 2-day and longer lowintensity storms at the mountain front indicate that its area is threatened with particularly larger and deeper landslides. The multivariate regression analysis reveals statistically significant linear relationships of rainfall hazard indices with elevation and the distance to the mountain front in the mountain foreland and Himalaya, respectively. Regionally, the Darjeeling Himalaya reveals lower values of rainfall hazard indices, in comparison to the

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Rainfall on the Meghalaya plateau in northeastern India—one of the rainiest places in the world

Cited by 90 publications

References 6 publications

Variation in the orographic extreme rain events over the Meghalaya Hills in northeast India in the two halves of the twentieth century

Variation in the orographic extreme rain events over the Meghalaya Hills in northeast India in the two halves of the twentieth century

Daytime Thermodynamic and Airflow Structures over Northeast Bangladesh during the Pre-Monsoon Season: A Case Study on 25 April 2010

Impact of the Darjeeling–Bhutan Himalayan front on rainfall hazard pattern

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