Rainfall intensity and slope gradient effects on sediment losses and splash from a saline–sodic soil under coastal reclamation

Liu, Dongdong; She, Dongli; Yu, Shu; Shao, Guangcheng; Chen, Dan

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2015.01.022

Cited by 82 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Similarly, Ziadat and Taimeh (2013) reported that rainfall intensity was the most important factor affecting soil erosion among rainfall intensity, slope gradient, land use and antecedent soil moisture. However, this result disagreed with Liu et al (2015), who found that the sediment loss rate was more sensitive to changes in slope gradient than to changes in the rainfall intensity. This may be associated with the difference in soil type, simulated rainfall intensity and slope gradient.…”

Section: Sedimentcontrasting

confidence: 91%

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Hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation on slope erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Feng

Cheng

Ding

et al. 2016

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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Hydrological processes play important roles in soil erosion processes of the hillslopes. This study was conducted to investigate the hydrological processes and the associated erosional responses on the purple soil slope. Based on a comprehensive survey of the Wangjiaqiao watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir, four typical slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15°and 20°) were applied to five rainfall intensities (0.6, 1.1, 1.61, 2.12 and 2.54 mm·min -1 ). The results showed that both surface and subsurface runoff varied greatly depending on the rainfall intensity and slope gradient. Surface runoff volume was 48.1 to 280.1 times of that for subsurface runoff. The critical slope gradient was about 10°. The sediment yield rate increased with increases in both rainfall intensity and slope gradient, while the effect of rainfall intensity on the sediment yield rate was greater than slope gradient. There was a good linear relationship between sediment yield rate and Reynolds numbers, flow velocity and stream power, while Froude numbers, Darcy-Weisbach and Manning friction coefficients were not good hydraulic indicators of the sediment yield rate of purple soil erosion. Among the three good indicators (Re, v and w), stream power was the best predictor of sediment yield rate (R 2 = 0.884). Finally, based on the power regression relationship between sediment yield rate, runoff rate, slope gradient and rainfall intensity, an erosion model was proposed to predict the purple soil erosion (R 2 = 0.897). The results can help us to understand the relationship between flow hydraulics and sediment generation of slope erosion and offer useful data for the building of erosion model in purple soil.

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Section: Sedimentcontrasting

confidence: 91%

“…Researches indicate that the soil erosion process is influenced by rainfall, overland flow, topography, and soil properties (Fox et al, 1997;Knapen et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2007). As soil erosion by rainfall is highly dependent on flow hydraulic properties (flow velocity, flow regime, stream power and hydraulic resistance).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation on slope erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Feng

Cheng

Ding

et al. 2016

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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“…In particular, the sediment concentration increases more dramatically when the slope gradient is greater than 10%. Liu, She, Yu, Shao, and Chen () also found that the runoff volume and sediment yield increase with increasing slope gradient, but the effect of slope gradient decreases with increasing rainfall intensity. Fox and Bryan () showed that the effect of slope gradient on the infiltration rate is implemented because it changes the runoff depth and depression storage, thereby affecting runoff volume and sediment yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the interaction of surface roughness and slope gradient in controlling rates of soil loss from sloping farmland on the Loess Plateau of China

Zhao

Duan

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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Surface roughness and slope gradient are two important factors influencing soil erosion. The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction of surface roughness and slope gradient in controlling soil loss from sloping farmland due to water erosion on the Loess Plateau, China. Following the surface features of sloping farmland in the plateau region, we manually prepared rough surfaces using four tillage practices (contour drilling, artificial digging, manual hoeing, and contour plowing), with a smooth surface as the control measure. Five slope gradients (3°, 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°) and two rainfall intensities (60 and 90 mm/hr) were considered in the artificial rainfall simulation experiment. The results showed that the runoff volume and sediment yield increased with increasing slope gradient under the same tillage treatment. At gentle slope gradients (e.g., 3° and 5°), the increase in surface roughness prevented the runoff and sediment production, that is, the surface roughness reduced the positive effect of slope gradient on the runoff volume and sediment yield to a certain extent. At steep slope gradients, however, the enhancing effect of slope gradient on soil erosion gradually increased and surpassed the reduction effect of surface roughness. This study reveals the existence of a critical slope gradient that influences the interaction of surface roughness and slope gradient in controlling soil erosion on sloping farmland. If the slope gradient is equal to or less than the critical value, an increase in surface roughness would decrease soil erosion. Otherwise, the increase in surface roughness would be ineffective for preventing soil erosion. The critical slope gradient would be smaller under higher rainfall intensity. These findings are helpful for us to understand the process of soil erosion and relevant for supporting soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau region of China.

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“…For example, Zhao et al [23] found that the increase in slope gradient in the red soil region of Southern China could weaken the effects of vegetation in inhibiting soil erosion. However, when the slope gradient reaches a certain degree or critical value, the relationship between slope gradient and soil erosion will be reversed [24]. The critical slope gradient is defined differently in each study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibiting Effects of Vegetation on the Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Yield on Riparian Slope along the Lower Yellow River

et al. 2019

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Riparian vegetation plays a vital role in soil and water conservation and river health maintenance. However, its inhibiting effects on water and soil loss are limited by different factors, such as slope gradient, vegetation coverage and their interaction. Therefore, this study quantified the inhibiting effect of riparian vegetation on the runoff, sediment and hydraulic characteristics of overland flow, and assessed its relative contribution to slope gradient. Specifically, we selected a riparian slope along the lower Yellow River as a case, and used a field-simulated rainfall experiment under specific rainfall intensity (90 mm/h), different vegetation coverage (0%, 15% and 30%) and slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15° and 20°). The results showed that the presence of vegetation can reduce the slope runoff rate and erosion rate. However, greater slope gradients can result in a lowering of the inhibiting effects of riparian vegetation on sediment yield. There was a critical value of vegetation coverage for inhibiting eroded sediments which was influenced by the degree of slope gradient. At 15% vegetation coverage, vegetation inhibited the slope sediment yield greatly at a slope gradient of less than 8°; while at 30% vegetation coverage, vegetation greatly inhibited the slope sediment yield at slope gradients <11°. Hydraulic characteristics were closely related to the slope gradient and vegetation coverage by the power function. Grey correlation analysis revealed that, with increasing of vegetation coverage, the effect of stream power on slope sediment yield decreased, while the effect of the friction coefficient on slope sediment yield increased. In summary, riparian vegetation can effectively inhibit slope runoff and sediment yield, but its inhibiting effect is notably affected by slope gradient.

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Rainfall intensity and slope gradient effects on sediment losses and splash from a saline–sodic soil under coastal reclamation

Cited by 82 publications

References 41 publications

Hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation on slope erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation on slope erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Exploring the interaction of surface roughness and slope gradient in controlling rates of soil loss from sloping farmland on the Loess Plateau of China

Inhibiting Effects of Vegetation on the Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Yield on Riparian Slope along the Lower Yellow River

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