Rainfall Amount, Intensity, Duration, and Frequency Relationships in the Mae Chaem Watershed in Southeast Asia

Dairaku, Koji; Emori, Seita; Oki, Taikan

doi:10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0458:raidaf>2.0.co;2

Cited by 58 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, Dairaku et al (2004) found that the extreme daily rainfall in the northern mountains is often over 200 mm d Table SI shows the results of the regression analysis in Equation (2), which yields a positive relationship with elevation, confirming the orographic effect on extreme rainfall with a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.01). The negative relationship between extreme rainfall and latitude is expected because areas near the equator (low latitude area) receive high rainfall amounts due to water availability through enhanced evapotranspiration and rapid convection.…”

Section: Bias Correctionsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Fifteen rain gauges were installed with 1 sec time resolutions at sites ranging from 380 to 2565 m above sea level. Research found that the observed rainfall in mountain ranges was occasionally twice as much as the rainfall in the plains due to its longer duration (Dairaku et al, 2004). Figure 6a shows the topography and location of the 6 rain gauges we used in the MCW.…”

Section: Bias Correctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An investigation of extreme daily rainfall in the Mekong River Basin using a gridded precipitation dataset

Ono

Kazama

Gunawardhana

et al. 2013

Hydrological Research Letters

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Abstract:The objective of this research was to evaluate the applicability of the Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE) gridded dataset to develop a spatially distributed extreme daily rainfall map in Southeast Asia. We compared the extreme daily rainfall values of the 5-year return period, estimated by a frequency analysis based on annual maximum rainfall during 1987-2006 from the APHRODITE dataset and rainfall observations from 185 gauges in Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. It was found that the extreme rainfall values estimated from the APHRODITE dataset are approximately 33-38% less than those estimated from observations at rain gauge stations. When the APHRODITE data were corrected with an appropriate bias correction ratio and elevation factor and then used to estimate extreme daily rainfall, they showed a better match with the extreme daily rainfall estimations from the rain gauge observations. Moreover, our estimations were independently verified with the rainfall observations in the Mae Chaem Watershed (MCW) in Thailand. This study suggests that the APHRODITE dataset can be used to obtain an estimation of the extreme rainfall in the Mekong River countries after proper bias and orographic corrections are made.

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Section: Bias Correctionsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Bias Correctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of extreme daily rainfall in the Mekong River Basin using a gridded precipitation dataset

Ono

Kazama

Gunawardhana

et al. 2013

Hydrological Research Letters

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“…1 and 2 in this study ( The annual ET (= 694 mm) was small compared with values reported for other tropical and sub-tropical forests (e.g., Doley 1981); in the latter, values often exceed 1000 mm, with maxima of 1750 mm, and the ratio of annual discharge to annual rainfall exceeds that of the annual ET. Air temperature decreases with altitude, while rainfall tends to increase with altitude (Kuraji, 2001;Dairaku et al, 2004) in northern Thailand, and the downward solar radiation decreases due to the frequent appearance of clouds during the rainy season (Fig. 2c) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Northern Thailand is characterized by hilly and mountainous landscapes, and rainfall tends to increase with altitude (Kuraji, 2001). Dairaku et al (2004) reported that the larger amount of high-altitude rainfall was due to duration and frequency rather than intensity, which implies that the appearance of clouds is more frequent at higher altitudes. The forest is lower montane rain forest according to the classification of Santisuk (1988).…”

Section: Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Interannual Variation in Transpiration Peak of a Hill Evergreen Forest in Northern Thailand in the Late Dry Season: Simulation of Evapotranspiration with a Soil-Plant-Air Continuum Model

Tanaka¹,

Wakahara²,

Shiraki³

et al. 2011

Evapotranspiration - From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications

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Evapotranspiration -From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications 332became harder at depths of 4-5 m, supporting the estimated rooting depths. Numerical simulations indicated that a late dry season transpiration peak is theoretically possible on the basis of rooting depth limitations on soil water use because the rooting depth was within the reported maximum for trees. Canadell et al. (2006) reviewed numerous reports of maximum rooting depth and calculated the average and standard deviation as 7.0 ± 1.2 m. Although these studies emphasized the late-dry-season transpiration peak and its mechanism, using combinations of modeling and observation for 2-3 years periods, the impact of interannual variation in rainfall or dry season period length on the peak was not sufficiently examined. Our objective was to clarify the interannual variation in the late-dry-season transpiration peak in a hill evergreen forest in northern Thailand. A numerical simulation of the seasonal variation in evapotranspiration was performed using a SPAC multilayer model with hydrometeorological variables for the period 1999-2005. The heat pulse velocity corresponding to water use by individual trees was monitored and evapotranspiration was estimated from the water budget (i.e., the difference between rainfall and stream flow) for the 7-year period. These values were compared with the simulated temporal transpiration and annual evapotranspiration. Materials and methods SiteSince February 1997, the hydrological and meteorological parameters of a sub-watershed of the Kog-Ma Experimental Watershed have been measured. The sub-watershed has an area of 8.63 ha and is situated 1265-1420 m a.s.l. on Mount Pui (18°48' N, 98°54' E) near Chiang Mai (18°47' N, 98°58' E, 310 m absl.) in northern Thailand. A 50-m meteorological tower was built in the sub-watershed and equipped with instruments for measuring meteorological parameters, such as radiation, wind velocity, and air temperature. Evergreen forest covers the hills of the experimental watershed. Fagaceae dominates, with species including Lithocarpus, Quercus, and Castanopsis (Bhumibhamon & Wasuwanich, 1970). Northern Thailand is characterized by hilly and mountainous landscapes, and rainfall tends to increase with altitude (Kuraji, 2001). Dairaku et al. (2004) reported that the larger amount of high-altitude rainfall was due to duration and frequency rather than intensity, which implies that the appearance of clouds is more frequent at higher altitudes. The forest is lower montane rain forest according to the classification of Santisuk (1988). This area receives more rainfall than areas at lower altitudes such as Chiang Mai, with annual precipitation of 1183 mm for 1960-1990(Thai Meteorological Department, 2011. It is cloudier, particularly in the rainy season, and occasionally experiences fog (N. . Average annual rainfall and air temperature for a 7-year period (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) were 1881 mm and 19.8°C, respectively. The leaf area index (LAI) is approximate...

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A simplified storm index method to extrapolate intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves for ungauged stations in central Chile

Pizarro

Valdés

Abarza

et al. 2014

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Most of meteorological stations in Chile register rainfall amounts once every 24 h. The creation of intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves requires continuous recorded data, and this insufficiency of proper instrumentation has resulted in a lack of IDF curves nationwide. The objective of this study is to further develop and evaluate the feasibility of a new method to estimate IDF curves in ungauged stations under Mediterranean climates of central Chile. A technique used to address this problem is the use of a storm index (S I ), also known as the 'K' method, which allows the construction of IDF curves from stations with discontinuous data, by extrapolating data from stations with continuous records, as long as daily rainfall intensities for both stations differ by less than 2 mm h À1 . To test the applicability of this method, S I values were calculated for 40 meteorological stations located throughout Central Chile (latitudes 30°S to 40°S). The extrapolated IDF curves were then compared with observed data, and the goodness of fit was determined. The results indicate that the storm index method can adequately estimate hourly IDF curve values for stations lacking of continuous rainfall data.

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Rainfall Amount, Intensity, Duration, and Frequency Relationships in the Mae Chaem Watershed in Southeast Asia

Cited by 58 publications

References 35 publications

An investigation of extreme daily rainfall in the Mekong River Basin using a gridded precipitation dataset

An investigation of extreme daily rainfall in the Mekong River Basin using a gridded precipitation dataset

Interannual Variation in Transpiration Peak of a Hill Evergreen Forest in Northern Thailand in the Late Dry Season: Simulation of Evapotranspiration with a Soil-Plant-Air Continuum Model

A simplified storm index method to extrapolate intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves for ungauged stations in central Chile

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