Raindrop interaction in interrill erosion for steady rainfalls: A probabilistic approach

Abstract

The main processes involved in interrill erosion are soil particles detachment and transport. Detachment is caused by shear stresses created by the impacts of raindrops. After sediments are lifted in the water layer, they are transported over a distance that depends on their settling velocities and the water flow velocity. This study calculates the probabilities of interactions between raindrops during soil detachment, and between raindrops and particles during their sedimentation. Raindrops are assumed to be consistent with the Poisson process and their densities are described by raindrop size distribution functions (Marshall‐Palmer, Gamma, and Lognormal laws). Interaction probabilities are calculated based on characteristic time and length scales of the shear stresses and the perturbation created by the raindrop impact inside the water layer. Under the hypothesis of a constant rainfall intensity, the results show that, during soil detachment, raindrops are almost independent. Thus, the total amount of soil detached by a rainfall is practically the sum of soil detached by its individual raindrops. Whereas during sediment transport, the probability of interaction between raindrops and settling particles is very high whatever the rainfall intensity and particle size, emphasizing the need to study further the interaction between raindrops and settling particles.

Impacts of raindrops increase particle sedimentation in a sheet flow

“…Because the probability of a raindrop–particle interaction increases with the number of raindrops (Nouhou Bako et al, 2017), such an interaction should depend on the rainfall intensity. Since no such a dependency was observed in the presented results, it could be argued that this mechanism should be discarded.…”