Raincloudplots Tutorials And Codebase

Allen, Micah; Poggiali, Davide; Whitaker, Kirstie; Marshall, Tom R.; Rogier, Kievit

doi:10.5281/zenodo.1402959

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…There was extreme evidence that go/no-go training had an explicit devaluation effect on the selected foods when both baselines were examined (i.e., go and untrained foods). Liking ratings pre- and post-training have been visualised using a raincloud plot ( Allen et al, 2018 , 2019 ) and together with changes in liking ratings (ΔLiking) across training conditions they can be seen in Figure 2A . As predicted in H1a, the change in liking ratings, from pre-to post- training was negative for no-go foods (ΔLiking NOGO ; M = –18.9, SD = 21.9) and greater compared to the change for go foods (ΔLiking GO ; M = –11.3, SD = 18.3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit and Implicit Devaluation Effects of Food-Specific Response Inhibition Training

Tzavella

Chambers

2023

Journal of Cognition

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The overvaluation of reward-associated stimuli such as energy-dense foods can drive compulsive eating behaviours, including overeating. Previous research has shown that training individuals to inhibit their responses towards appetitive stimuli can lead to their devaluation, providing a potential avenue for behaviour change. Over two preregistered experiments, we investigated whether training participants to inhibit their responses to specific foods would be effective in reducing their evaluations when these were assessed using both explicit and implicit measures. Participants completed an online session of go/no-go training with energy-dense foods that were consistently associated with either responding (go) or inhibiting a response (no-go). An ‘explicit’ devaluation effect was expected as a reduction in self-reported liking from pre-to post-training for no-go items compared to both go items and foods that were not presented during training (untrained items). An ‘implicit’ devaluation effect was then measured using the affective priming paradigm, by comparing differences in reaction times for congruent and incongruent trials (i.e., priming effects) between food primes. Experiment 1 revealed conclusive evidence for small-to-medium devaluation effects both in terms of explicit ratings and priming effects. We also observed that the priming effect for no-go items was close to zero. Experiment 2 successfully replicated most of the preregistered and exploratory outcomes from Experiment 1 except for the priming effect for untrained items. Potential explanations for this discrepancy are discussed but overall, these findings provide further support for a devaluation effect of response inhibition training. To our knowledge, our study provides the first evidence that training-induced devaluation can potentially be captured by affective priming measures, but more research is needed to further assess their sensitivity before they can be used to elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying devaluation effects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit and Implicit Devaluation Effects of Food-Specific Response Inhibition Training

Tzavella

Chambers

2023

Journal of Cognition

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“…Effect sizes of regression models were calculated using Cohen's F 2 using the following formula: [R 2 / (1 À R 2 )]. Behavioral data were visualized using RainCloudPlots for MATLAB (Allen et al, 2018(Allen et al, , 2019. The EEG signals were visualized using gramm for MATLAB (Morel, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence Accumulation Rate Moderates the Relationship between Enriched Environment Exposure and Age-Related Response Speed Declines

et al. 2023

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Older adults exposed to enriched environments (EE) maintain relatively higher levels of cognitive function, even in the face of compromised markers of brain health. Response speed (RS) is often used as a simple proxy to measure the preservation of global cognitive function in older adults. However, it is unknown which specific selection, decision, and/or motor processes provide the most specific indices of neurocognitive health. Here, using a simple decision task with electroencephalography (EEG), we found that the efficiency with which an individual accumulates sensory evidence was a critical determinant of the extent to which RS was preserved in older adults (63% female, 37% male). Moreover, the mitigating influence of EE on age-related RS declines was most pronounced when evidence accumulation rates were shallowest. These results suggest that the phenomenon of cognitive reserve, whereby high EE individuals can better tolerate suboptimal brain health to facilitate the preservation of cognitive function, is not just applicable to neuroanatomical indicators of brain ageing, but can be observed in markers of neurophysiology. Our results suggest that EEG metrics of evidence accumulation may index neurocognitive vulnerability of the ageing brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:Response speed in older adults is closely linked with trajectories of cognitive ageing. Here, by recording brain activity while individuals perform a simple computer task, we identify a neural metric which is a critical determinant of response speed. Older adults exposed to greater cognitive and social stimulation throughout a lifetime could maintain faster responding, even when this neural metric was impaired. This work suggests EEG is a useful technique for interrogating how a lifetime of stimulation benefits brain health in ageing.

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“…There was extreme evidence that go/no-go training had an explicit devaluation effect on the selected foods when both baselines were examined (i.e., go and untrained foods). Liking ratings pre-and post-training have been visualised using a raincloud plot (Allen et al, 2018(Allen et al, , 2019 and together with changes in liking ratings (∆Liking) across training conditions they can be seen in Figure 2A. As predicted in H1a, the change in liking ratings, from pre-to post-training was negative for no-go foods (∆Liking NOGO ; M = −18.9, SD = 21.9) and greater compared to the change for go foods (∆Liking GO ; M = −11.3, SD = 18.3).…”

Section: Findings From Preregistered Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit and implicit devaluation effects of food-specific response inhibition training

Tzavella¹,

Chambers²

2022

Preprint

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The overvaluation of reward-associated stimuli such as energy-dense foods can drive compulsive eating behaviours, including overeating. Previous research has shown that training individuals to inhibit their responses towards appetitive stimuli can lead to their devaluation, providing a potential avenue for behaviour change. Over two preregistered experiments, we investigated whether training participants to inhibit their responses to specific foods would be effective in reducing their evaluations when these were assessed using both explicit and implicit measures. Participants completed an online session of go/no-go training with energy-dense foods that were consistently associated with either responding (go) or inhibiting a response (no-go). An ‘explicit’ devaluation effect was expected as a reduction in self-reported liking from pre-to post-training for no-go items compared to both go items and foods that were not presented during training (untrained items). An ‘implicit’ devaluation effect was then measured using the affective priming paradigm, by comparing differences in reaction times for congruent and incongruent trials (i.e., priming effects) between food primes. Experiment 1 revealed conclusive evidence for small-to-medium devaluation effects both in terms of explicit ratings and priming effects. We also observed that the priming effect for no-go items was close to zero. Experiment 2 successfully replicated most of the preregistered and exploratory outcomes from Experiment 1 except for the priming effect for untrained items. Potential explanations for this discrepancy are discussed but overall, these findings provide further support for a devaluation effect of response inhibition training. To our knowledge, our study provides the first evidence that training-induced devaluation can be captured by affective priming measures, motivating future work to further elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying devaluation effects.

show abstract

Raincloudplots Tutorials And Codebase

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Explicit and Implicit Devaluation Effects of Food-Specific Response Inhibition Training

Explicit and Implicit Devaluation Effects of Food-Specific Response Inhibition Training

Evidence Accumulation Rate Moderates the Relationship between Enriched Environment Exposure and Age-Related Response Speed Declines

Explicit and implicit devaluation effects of food-specific response inhibition training

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