Rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) immune response towards a recombinant vaccine targeting the parasitic ciliate <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i>

Jørgensen, Louise von Gersdorff; Kania, Per W.; Rasmussen, Karina Juhl; Mattsson, Andreas Holm; Schmidt, J. F.; Al‐Jubury, Azmi; Sander, Adam F.; Salanti, Ali; Buchmann, Kurt

doi:10.1111/jfd.12653

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Sonicated tomonts were used as benchmark and the sub-unit vaccine performed almost as efficient (modest protection) as the benchmark vaccine [76]. Such biotechnology-based approaches are viewed increasingly as promising for the development of vaccines against this parasite, which cannot be cultivated in the laboratory without sacrificing fish.…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis – Host immunology, vaccines and novel treatments

Jørgensen

2017

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, the causative agent of white spot disease (ichthyophthiriasis) is a major burden for fish farmers and aquarists globally. The parasite infects the skin and the gills of freshwater fish, which may acquire a protective adaptive immune response against this disease, making vaccine strategies feasible. However, there is no prophylactic treatment available and repetitive treatments with auxiliary substances are needed to control the infection. Historically, a variety of drugs and chemicals have been used to combat the disease but due to changing regulations and recognition of carcinogenic and environmentally damaging effects the most efficient compounds are prohibited. A continuous search for novel substances, which are highly effective against the parasites and harmless for the fish is ongoing. These compounds should be environmentally friendly and cost-effective. This review presents recent progress within host immunology, vaccinology and a description of novel substances, which have been tested as treatments against ichthyophthiriasis.

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Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis – Host immunology, vaccines and novel treatments

Jørgensen

2017

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Acquired resistance can be induced by a direct exposition to the parasite 69 , but also by vaccination 70 . Herd immunization has however showed limited protection against Ich despite the promising development of vaccines over the last decades 29,71,72 . While research on immune protection of farmed aquatic animals continues, it is reassuring to note that in this case study aquaculture is unlikely to induce detrimental effects on wild fish survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models suggest pathogen risks to wild fish can be mitigated by acquired immunity in freshwater aquaculture systems

Taylor

2020

Sci Rep

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The interaction of pathogens between wild and farmed aquatic animal populations is a concern that remains unclear and controversial. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a ciliated protozoan parasite, is a pathogen of freshwater finfish species with geographic and host range that causes significant economic losses in aquaculture. Flow-through farming systems may facilitate the transfer of such a parasite with free-living stages between farmed and wild stocks. Here, experimental and field study infection data are used to describe the infection dynamics of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in rainbow trout using a simple macroparasite model by including host resistance. The study considered flow-through farming systems with a single or two age-class compartments and simulated the transfer of the parasite between farmed and wild fish populations. Results suggest that aquaculture can promote the prevalence of the resistance in wild stocks by increasing the parasite population in the wild environment. At the same time, acquired resistance in the farmed fish population may protect the wild fish population from lethal effects of the parasite by reducing the total parasite population. This study offers a promising mathematical basis for understanding the effects of freshwater aquaculture in disease spread in wildlife, developing risk assessment modeling, and exploring new ways of aquaculture management. Aquaculture production has rapidly increased for the last four decades and is considered a key solution to meet the world food demand 1. At the same time, concerns have been raised about environmental impacts, including infectious diseases in wild fish 2-5. However, most examples of pathogen interactions between farmed and wild fish derive from marine systems, focusing largely on: the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), a parasite that infects wild and farmed salmonids 6-8 , white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), a pathogen found in wild and farmed shrimp 9-11 , and Anguillicoloides crassus, a nematode that emerged in wild European eels 12. Though declines in wild marine stocks have been associated with aquaculture sites introducing or amplifying pathogens 13-17 , such interactions have received little study in freshwater ecosystems 3,18-20. Yet, pathogen transfer from farmed to wild stocks, termed 'spillover' , may be facilitated by commonly used flow-through farming systems in which water is often abstracted from rivers before being discharged back to the river after passing through the farm site 21. The potential impact of freshwater aquaculture on wild fish populations however remains unclear and controversial 22,23. Through a mathematical modeling approach, this study aimed to investigate the potential interactions between aquaculture systems and wild fish stocks based on an important pathogen of freshwater finfish aquaculture, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, otherwise known as 'Ich'. This is a ciliated protozoan parasite that is globally distributed and causes disease in a wide range of freshwater finfish species, but is of signif...

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“…Additionally, the injectable, commercially available vaccine produced by Aquatec utilizes a synthetic subunit antigen along with the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) to elicit protection against sea lice [133,134]. Studies investigating I. multifiliis have found success expression of a DNA vaccine using Iag52B in rainbow trout and channel catfish, the recurrent theme in vaccine trials against this parasite seems to be the use of 48kDa immobilization antigens [135][136][137].…”

Section: Current Licensed Vaccines For Parasitic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in Fish Vaccination: Current Innovations and Future Horizons in Aquaculture Health Management

Rathor,

Swain

2024

Preprint

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Aquaculture is rapidly becoming one of the pivotal sectors in the farm economy, driven by the increasing demand for high-quality animal protein at an affordable cost, especially with the escalating human population. However, the expansion of high-density fish populations also brings forth a challenge – the rapid transmission and spread of infectious disease agents among them. To combat this, vaccination is emerging as a reliable and standardized method for providing immunity against viral and bacterial outbreaks. The ideal vaccine is expected to be safe, effective, economical, and easily administered. The fish vaccination industry continually publishes new information on fish immunology and vaccinology, contributing to the improvement of vaccine formulation and efficacy. This review aims to offer insights into the current status of bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases, discuss existing vaccinations, and address potential industry-threatening diseases like infectious edwardsiellosis, motile aeromonas septicemia, TiLV, salmon anemia, vibriosis, and white spot disease. Technological advancements have played a crucial role in enhancing our understanding of fish immunological mechanisms, leading to improved vaccine administration and the development of recombinant live attenuated, subunit, DNA, and RNA vaccines. However, challenges such as oral tolerance, vaccine degradation, and stressful environments persist, impacting vaccine efficacy. Addressing these challenges and gaining a deeper understanding of the fish immune system and host-pathogen interactions will be pivotal for future improvements, contributing to the sustainability of aquaculture and enhancing global food security.

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Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) immune response towards a recombinant vaccine targeting the parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

The fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis – Host immunology, vaccines and novel treatments

The fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis – Host immunology, vaccines and novel treatments

Models suggest pathogen risks to wild fish can be mitigated by acquired immunity in freshwater aquaculture systems

Advancements in Fish Vaccination: Current Innovations and Future Horizons in Aquaculture Health Management

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