Rain regime and soil type affect the C and N dynamics in soil columns that are covered with mixed-species mulches

Iqbal, Akhtar; Aslam, Sohaib; Alavoine, Gonzague; Benoît, Pierre; Garnier, Patricia; Recous, Sylvie

doi:10.1007/s11104-015-2501-x

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Hence, it is important to investigate the time course of microbial activity, the increase of soil N that resulted from the decomposition of applied residues, and the N uptake by crops in tropical croplands. Coppens et al (2007) and Iqbal et al (2015) reported that the decomposition of mulch was primarily limited by moisture and not by quality of the applied organic matter in laboratory experiments at a temperate of 20°C. Nevertheless, most of the previous researches associated with organic matter application and N dynamics in soils were conducted under controlled conditions in the laboratory, and few field experiments have been conducted to reveal their effects on the dynamics of soil inorganic N and crop N uptake, especially in SSA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The region of SSA has various soil types, which have developed under a variety of environmental conditions (Jones et al 2013). These soils greatly differ in soil texture, organic matter content, water retention properties, and the ability to mineralize C and N (Iqbal et al 2015), and therefore the decomposition pattern of the applied residue can greatly vary with those various soil properties in SSA. Generally, soil texture is known to be an important factor that controls soil N dynamics and the process of decomposition of organic matter because soil texture regulates the water-and nutrient-holding capacities and the microbial activities in soils (Van Veen and Kuikman 1990;Sugihara et al 2010b;Sugihara et al 2012b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil nitrogen dynamics under different quality and application methods of crop residues in maize croplands with contrasting soil textures in Tanzania

Nishigaki

Sugihara

Kilasara

et al. 2017

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Soil nitrogen (N) dynamics in croplands need to be improved for the increase of food production in sub-Saharan Africa. Our objective was to investigate the crop residue management in terms of quality and application method to improve soil N dynamics during the period of crop growth in maize croplands with special reference to soil textures in dry tropical agroecosystems. Field experiments were conducted during the rainy seasons of 2012 and 2013 at clayey and sandy sites in Tanzania. Five treatment plots were established: plots with no residue applied (Ctrl plot), chemical fertilizer applied (F plot), maize residue (high C:N ratio = 60) incorporated (M-In plot) or mulched (M-On plot), and cowpea residue (low C:N ratio = 21) incorporated (P-In plot). In each plot, we regularly collected surface soil and crop samples and measured inorganic N (NO 3 −-N and NH 4 +-N), the soil respiration rate, and crop N uptake. Rainfall and soil moisture content were also continuously monitored. Our results showed that cowpea residue with high biodegradability caused prompt increases in the soil respiration rate and soil inorganic N because decomposition of the applied residue occurred within ca. 2 weeks after the application at both the clayey and sandy sites. It resulted in high N use efficiency in the early growing period and 18-73% higher total crop N uptake than that in the maize residue plots at both sites. The application methods (incorporation and mulching) showed no significant difference in soil N dynamics and crop yield, although higher soil respiration was observed in the M-In plot than the M-On plot at the clayey site. However, at the sandy site, mulching of maize residue resulted in the increased soil inorganic N content in the M-On plot by 18-26% compared with that in the M-In plot during the cropping season because of the higher soil moisture content. Consequently, crop N uptake in the mulching plot resulted in 26-59% higher than that in the incorporation plot.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil nitrogen dynamics under different quality and application methods of crop residues in maize croplands with contrasting soil textures in Tanzania

Nishigaki

Sugihara

Kilasara

et al. 2017

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…En situation de non-labour, la majeure partie du paillis va se maintenir plusieurs mois au sol, ce qui aura une action sur les cycles du carbone (Neto et al, 2010), des éléments nutritifs (Naudin et al, 2011) et la dynamique de l'eau dans ces sols (Iqbal et al, 2015). Compte tenu de la sensibilité des modèles de carbone (C) des sols à la connaissance et la précision de ces quantités de résidus, cette méthode d'estimation permet d'améliorer la qualité des prédictions relatives aux modes de gestion ou d'utilisation des terres sur les bilans de carbone des sols.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Une méthode pour quantifier les biomasses de résidus de récolte à la surface des sols après la moisson

Thiébeau¹,

Recous²

2016

Cah. Agric.

Self Cite

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Résumé -L'estimation précise des biomasses de résidus de culture présents sur un sol après une récolte est importante vis-à-vis des enjeux agronomiques et environnementaux de la gestion des matières organiques dans les systèmes cultivés. Elle n'est pas aisée dans les parcelles agricoles en raison d'une forte variabilité de leur distribution sur les sols, liée aux opérations de récolte. L'objectif de cette étude est de proposer une méthode de mesure des biomasses de résidus de culture au champ précise, robuste et générique pour une diversité de cultures. Cette méthode repose sur l'utilisation de placettes de prélèvement (0,5 Â 0,5 m) localisées selon un transect en tenant compte des opérations de récolte (sens de la récolte, largeur de la récolteuse) de façon à capter cette variabilité. Cette méthode a été testée après les récoltes de 2009 à 2011, en région de « grandes cultures », sur des exploitations pratiquant les techniques culturales simplifiées (TCS) et de semis direct (SD), avec les cultures de blé, maïs grain, orge de printemps, pois protéagineux, colza, féverole et tournesol. La comparaison des résultats obtenus avec un ou deux transects montre que la précision des estimations est suffisante en réalisant un seul transect, ce qui diminue significativement le temps de travail. La précision des estimations de biomasse par cette méthode de prélèvement n'est pas affectée par les modes de gestion (TCS versus SD).Mots clés : estimation de la biomasse / mesure au champ / moisson / résidus de cultures Abstract -A method to quantify crop residue biomass left on soil surface after harvesting. The accurate quantification of crop residue biomass left on the soil after harvesting is important, due to the agricultural and environmental issues associated with the management of soil organic matter in croplands. This quantification is difficult in farmers' fields due to a high variability of crop residue distribution on soil surface, because of harvesting operations. The objective of this study was to provide, for measuring crop residue biomass in the field, an accurate, robust and generic method for a large range of crops. This method relies on the use of sampling microplots (0.5 Â 0.5 m), located along a transect and taking into account harvesting operations (harvesting direction and width) to capture this variability. This method was tested from 2009 to 2011, in farmers' plots after harvesting, on wheat, grain maize, spring barley, field pea, rapeseed, fababean and sunflower crops. The comparison of results obtained with one or two transects (one perpendicular and the other diagonally across harvesting direction) shows that the accuracy of the estimates is sufficient using a single transect, allowing for a reduction of the working time. The accuracy of this method of collection is not affected by soil management practices (shallow till versus no-till).

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“…The reason why N immobilisation is only observed in the straw treatment could be due to a lower decomposition rate of the woodchips and therefore lower microbial N-mining requirement at the time of sampling. Straw is likely more decomposable due to a comparatively lower C:N ratio, a higher water-holding capacity (being more friable and having a greater surface area to hold on to moisture) (Hättenschwiler et al, 2005;Iqbal et al, 2015) and possibly a soil 360 microbial community that is more adapted to decomposing straw because wheat is sometimes grown in these soils.…”

Section: Nutrient Dynamics and Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Obtaining more benefits from crop residues as soil amendments by application as chemically heterogeneous mixtures

Struijk¹,

Whitmore²,

Mortimer³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Crop residues are valuable soil amendments in terms of the carbon and other nutrients they contain, but incorporation of residues does not always translate into increases in nutrient availability, soil organic matter (SOM), soil structure, and overall soil fertility. Studies have demonstrated accelerated decomposition rates of chemically heterogeneous litter mixtures, compared to the decomposition of individual litters, in forest and grassland systems. Mixing high C : N ratio with low C : N ratio amendments may result in greater carbon use efficiency and non-additive benefits in soil properties (i.e. mixture ≠ sum of the parts). We hypothesised that non-additive benefits would accrue from mixtures of low-quality (straw or woodchips) and high-quality (vegetable-waste compost) residues applied before lettuce planting in a full-factorial field experiment. Properties indicative of soil structure and nutrient cycling were used to assess benefits from residue mixtures, including soil respiration, aggregate stability, bulk density, SOM, available and potentially mineralisable N, available P, K and Mg, and crop yield. Soil organic matter and mineral nitrogen levels were significantly and non-additively greater in the straw-compost mixture compared to individual residues, which mitigated the N immobilisation occurring with straw-only applications. Addition of compost significantly increased soil available N, K and Mg levels. Together, these observations suggest that greater nutrient availability improved the ability of decomposer organisms to degrade straw in the straw-compost mixture. We demonstrate that mixtures of crop residues can influence soil properties non-additively. Thus, greater benefits may be achieved by removing, mixing, and re-applying crop residues, than by simply returning them to the soils in situ.

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Rain regime and soil type affect the C and N dynamics in soil columns that are covered with mixed-species mulches

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Soil nitrogen dynamics under different quality and application methods of crop residues in maize croplands with contrasting soil textures in Tanzania

Soil nitrogen dynamics under different quality and application methods of crop residues in maize croplands with contrasting soil textures in Tanzania

Une méthode pour quantifier les biomasses de résidus de récolte à la surface des sols après la moisson

Obtaining more benefits from crop residues as soil amendments by application as chemically heterogeneous mixtures

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