Rain attenuation measurements over terrestrial microwave links operating at 15 GHz in Malaysia

Abdulrahman, A. Y.; Rahman, Tharek Abdul; Abdulrahim, S. K.; Islam, Md. Rafiqul

doi:10.1002/dac.1315

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Substituting Equations (13) and (14) into Equation (12) yields the following R (mm/h) is the rain rate exceeded at 0.01 % of the time, r is the path reduction factor at the same time percentage, d (km) is the radio path length. Parameters k and  depend on frequency, rain temperature, and polarization, as earlier mentioned.…”

Section: Itu-r P 530-14 Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Evaluation of Measured Rain Attenuation in Tropical Climate and Comparison with Prediction Models

Yusuf

Falade

Olufeagba

et al. 2016

J. Microw. Optoelectron. Electromagn. Appl.

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Abstract-Substantial modifications have been made to the expressions for calculating distance factor and extrapolation techniques in the latest ITU-R P.530-14. However, its performance has not been rigorously evaluated in the tropical and equatorial climates. In this article, the new ITU-R method and three prediction models are validated using measurement data from tropical Malaysian climate. The data were collected on six geographically spread terrestrial microwave DIGI MINI-LINKs operating at 15 GHz. When tested against measurements, the Da Silva Mello model yields a significant improvement for the prediction of rain attenuation distributions. The prediction errors observed in the ITU-R model suggest the need for more data campaign in the afore-mentioned climates. I. INTRODUCTIONTraditionally frequencies above 10 GHz are commonly employed in the current microwave point-topoint networks, due to large bandwidth and freedom from traffic congestion. However, in these frequency bands, the performance of the fixed service (FS) is predominantly controlled by rain in 2012; however, its performance has not been largely evaluated using data collected from tropical climates. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to evaluate the performance of the newly released ITU-R model and the three afore-mentioned models, using measurement data from six locations in a tropical climate. The data used are the rain rate and rain attenuation data banks available from six geographically spread terrestrial microwave DIGI MINI-LINKs operating at 15 GHz as described in[13]. It should be mentioned here that the ITU-R P.530-14 was not yet in force when our previous works were reported. II. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF RAIN ATTENUATION PREDICTION MODELSRain attenuation can be conveniently defined as the product of specific attenuation (dB/km) corresponding to the point rain rate (typically measured at one end of the link) and the effective propagation path length (km) [1]. The path correction factor is defined as the ratio of effective path length to the physical path length of a microwave link, and its value is usually less than unity, except in rear cases [14].The concept of effective path length is thus a way of 'averaging out' the spatial inhomegeneity of rain rate and thus specific attenuation [15]. Note that the degree of spatial inhomogeneity in rain rate generally varies with rainfall intensity. Therefore the variation of path length reduction factor can be expressed as a function of rain rate or the corresponding time exceedance [16].Attenuation p A exceeded at p % of time can either be obtained from direct measurements, or predicted from the knowledge of long-term rainfall rate. Generally, the required inputs in most attenuation prediction models for terrestrial point-to-point microwave links are the rainfall rate exceeded at p % of time, the effective propagation path length and the link's operating frequency [7], [16]. Thus p

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Section: Itu-r P 530-14 Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Evaluation of Measured Rain Attenuation in Tropical Climate and Comparison with Prediction Models

Yusuf

Falade

Olufeagba

et al. 2016

J. Microw. Optoelectron. Electromagn. Appl.

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“…Rainfall is a significant impediment that obstructs the propagation of mm‐wave signals from transmitter to receiver. Millimeter‐wave signals can be absorbed, scattered, depolarized, and diffracted by rain . This can restrict the propagation of mm‐wave signals, causing high signal attenuation loss through the effective propagation path length (km) measured in dB/km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rain attenuation harshly increases when the frequency, rain density, or effective length are increased. This attenuation reduces the reliability, availability, and degraded the overall performance of the communications link . As a result, rain attenuation is a real and concerning issue facing the implementation of mm‐waves, especially in tropical regions with consistent heavy rainfall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several rain attenuation studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of rain on the propagation of mm‐wave bands in different environments while considering several scenarios. A number of these studies succeeded in conducting measurements . They gave indications about the behavior of mm‐wave band propagation during precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

Shayea

Rahman

Azmi

et al. 2018

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Millimeter waves (mm‐waves) within frequency bands of 10 to 86 GHz will be used for both microwave and access link fifth‐generation (5G) systems. Thus, it is very important to investigate these bands to ensure reliability when 5G is applied in tropical regions like Malaysia in the coming few years. One of the major obstacles facing the propagation of mm‐waves in tropical regions is the rain attenuation. Rainfall results in the absorption, scattering, and diffraction of radio waves. This contributes to increased transmission losses and a reduction in the received signal levels. The effect is more severe in tropical regions that are characterized by intense heavy rainfall and large raindrop sizes. This paper provides a general overview on rain attenuation of mm‐wave bands. It highlights the nature of rain in tropical regions and its effects on the propagation of mm‐waves. It also reports the latest measurement studies focused on rain attenuation in mm‐wave frequency bands and the prediction methods used to estimate rain attenuation in mm‐waves. It contributes to the understanding of channel behavior and the characterization of mm‐wave bands during rainfall in tropical regions, especially in Malaysia. This study further strives to determine research gaps in this field as well as the future work and various propagation measurement systems that can be used to conduct real measurements and to develop prediction models for rain attenuation in mm‐waves for 5G systems. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the rain rate and rain attenuation on the basis of real measurement data conducted in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia at Skudai Campus, Malaysia. The analyzed results indicated that the rain attenuation at 38 GHz is critical and it can result in 18.4 dB/km as specific rain attenuation at 0.01% percentage of the time.

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“…Rainfall attenuation measurement via terrestrial communication link at the frequency of 15 GHz in Malaysia was presented in [3]. Four prediction methods were compared, and it was concluded that ITU-R P.530-13 model underestimated the measured rain attenuation values, while revised Moupfouma's model and Lin model overestimated the measured rain attenuation values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain attenuation at 40 GHz for terrestrial link in Malaysia

Tee¹,

Marzuki²,

Selamat³

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development

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This paper presents the study on the rain attenuation at 40 GHz via terrestrial link in Malaysia. Malaysia is situated in the tropical region and known to experience a very heavy rainfall annually. Consequently, this heavy rainfall has high impact on the millimeter wave propagating signals. In this study, rainfall data at Cyberjaya were collected using rain gauge, and then they were analyzed to get the rainfall rate in term of probability of the time exceedance. Five different prediction models were used to estimate the rain attenuation values; ITU-R 530-15 models, ITU-R 530-13 models, revised Moupfouma's model, revised Silva Mello's model and Lin's model. Among these five models, ITU-R 530-15 model gave the closest estimated value to the measured rain attenuation at 38 GHz. By applying this model with the acquired rainfall rate of 130 mm/h, it gave the estimated attenuation value of 22.64 dB within 0.3 km propagating path at frequency of 40 GHz.

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Rain attenuation measurements over terrestrial microwave links operating at 15 GHz in Malaysia

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Statistical Evaluation of Measured Rain Attenuation in Tropical Climate and Comparison with Prediction Models

Statistical Evaluation of Measured Rain Attenuation in Tropical Climate and Comparison with Prediction Models

Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

Rain attenuation at 40 GHz for terrestrial link in Malaysia

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