Rain and snow scavenging of HNO3 vapor in the atmosphere

Chang, Tai Yup

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(84)90242-7

Cited by 73 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This implies that the nitrate content of cloud water is probably caused by the removal of some gaseous compounds. Considering the difference between sub-cloud scavenging ratios of NO2 and HNO3, this gas is probably nitric acid, the removal of which is an efficient process (Chang, 1984), Finally, it can be seen from formulae (3)-(5) that the sub-cloud scavenging ratios of ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate particles are very similar and they are around 0.25 × 104.…”

Section: The Dependence Of the Wet Deposition On The Concentration Ofmentioning

confidence: 88%

On the wet removal of gaseous and particulate sulfur and nitrogen species from the atmosphere

Mészáros¹,

Szentimrei²

1985

J Atmos Chem

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The role of trace gases and aerosol particles in the control of sulfur and nitrogen levels in atmospheric precipitation is estimated on the basis of the enrichment factor in the precipitation of these elements relative to particulate matter in the air. By using air and precipitation chemistry data obtained at a Hungarian background air pollution station (K-puszta) it is found that the fraction of ammonium, nitrate and sulfate in precipitation, due to the removal of particulate matter is at least 59, 27 and 31%, respectively. The relationship between wet depositions and air concentrations of different species is determined statistically by applying daily data set. The regression equations obtained make the estimation of the sub-cloud scavenging ratios possible and they give some information on the magnitude of in-cloud scavenging processes. The results show that the in-cloud scavenging is a determining factor for precipitation sulfate, while it is relatively unimportant in the case of ammonium. The sub-cloud scavenging of NO~ and SO 2 is not too significant. However, for HNO 3 and NH3 it is an effective process. The sub-cloud scavenging ratio of sulfur and nitrogencontaining particles varies around 0.25 × 106.

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Section: The Dependence Of the Wet Deposition On The Concentration Ofmentioning

confidence: 88%

On the wet removal of gaseous and particulate sulfur and nitrogen species from the atmosphere

Mészáros¹,

Szentimrei²

1985

J Atmos Chem

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“…The large surface area of snowflakes leads to an efficient scavenging and removal of atmospheric pollutants (Chang, 1984;Barrie, 1991;Lei and Wania, 2004), which then end up in the snow cover. The snowpack of the High Arctic archipelago of Svalbard is characterized by the dominance of sea salt in its solute (Hodgkins and Tranter, 1998) and with a bacterial content that is slightly higher than in Alpine regions (Sattler et al, 2001;Bauer et al, 2002;Amato et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Cell Retention in a Melting High Arctic Snowpack, Svalbard

Björkman

Žárský

Kühnel

et al. 2014

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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“…In the model setup for the present study, a constant removal value was applied to the HNO 3 gas phase at each time step (2.5 % of gas-phase HNO 3 was removed everywhere up to 160 hPa, independent of clouds or rainfall). Because HNO 3 can lead to ozone production when it is photolyzed to form NO 2 , recently obtained results suggest that a more realistic removal process for HNO 3 (based on in-cloud and below-cloud precipitation, and aerosol interaction; Chang, 1984;Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006) indeed reduces SOCOL's overly large ozone burden in the Northern Hemisphere. However, the effect is not systematic, and this is not pursued in the present study.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Model Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of the tropospheric ozone budget throughout the 21st century under the medium-high climate scenario RCP 6.0

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Because tropospheric ozone is both a greenhouse gas and harmful air pollutant, it is important to understand how anthropogenic activities may influence its abundance and distribution through the 21st century. Here, we present model simulations performed with the chemistry-climate model SOCOL, in which spatially disaggregated chemistry and transport tracers have been implemented in order to better understand the distribution and projected changes in tropospheric ozone. We examine the influences of ozone precursor emissions (nitrogen oxides (NO x ), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), climate change (including methane effects) and stratospheric ozone recovery on the tropospheric ozone budget, in a simulation following the climate scenario Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 6.0 (a medium-high, and reasonably realistic climate scenario). Changes in ozone precursor emissions have the largest effect, leading to a global-mean increase in tropospheric ozone which maximizes in the early 21st century at 23 % compared to 1960. The increase is most pronounced at northern midlatitudes, due to regional emission patterns: between 1990 and 2060, northern midlatitude tropospheric ozone remains at constantly large abundances: 31 % larger than in 1960. Over this 70-year period, attempts to reduce emissions in Europe and North America do not have an effect on zonally averaged northern midlatitude ozone because of increasing emissions from Asia, together with the long lifetime of ozone in the troposphere. A simulation with fixed anthropogenic ozone precursor emissions of NO x , CO and non-methane VOCs at 1960 conditions shows a 6 % increase in global-mean tropospheric ozone by the end of the 21st century, with an 11 % increase at northern midlatitudes. This increase maximizes in the 2080s and is mostly caused by methane, which maximizes in the 2080s following RCP 6.0, and plays an important role in controlling ozone directly, and indirectly through its influence on other VOCs and CO. Enhanced flux of ozone from the stratosphere to the troposphere as well as climate change-induced enhancements in lightning NO x emissions also increase the tropospheric ozone burden, although their impacts are relatively small. Overall, the results show that under this climate scenario, ozone in the future is governed largely by changes in methane and NO x ; methane induces an increase in tropospheric ozone that is approximately one-third of that caused by NO x . Climate impacts on ozone through changes in tropospheric temperature, humidity and lightning NO x remain secondary compared with emission strategies relating to anthropogenic emissions of NO x , such as fossil fuel burning. Therefore, emission policies globally have a critical role to play in determining tropospheric ozone evolution through the 21st century.

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Rain and snow scavenging of HNO3 vapor in the atmosphere

Cited by 73 publications

References 20 publications

On the wet removal of gaseous and particulate sulfur and nitrogen species from the atmosphere

On the wet removal of gaseous and particulate sulfur and nitrogen species from the atmosphere

Microbial Cell Retention in a Melting High Arctic Snowpack, Svalbard

Drivers of the tropospheric ozone budget throughout the 21st century under the medium-high climate scenario RCP 6.0

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