Railways, divergence, and structural change in 19th century England and Wales

Industrialization and urbanization in nineteenth century America

“…There are now numerous studies of the impact of historical railway development outside of the United 34 States. A fair summary of this literature is that railway development promoted historical urban growth and industrialization almost everywhere in Europe and in Japan; see, for example, Kotavaara, Antikainen, and Rusanen (2011); Tang (2014); Berger and Enlo (2017);Hornung (2015); Bogart, You, Alvarez, Satchell, and Shaw-Taylor (2020);and Berger (2019). Evidence on steam power analogous to our results in Table 4 is scantier but in a recent paper, Yamasaki (2017) finds strong causal (IV) evidence that the diffusion of rail accelerated the shift to urban manufacturing in Japan in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, particularly for larger, steam-powered establishments.…”

The expansion of the Spanish railway network (1848–1941): an analysis through the evolution of its companyies

“…Mojica and Martí-Henneberg (2011) came to similar conclusions. There have also been several international studies of this phenomenon; some of the most relevant have analysed the cases of France (Mimeur 2016), England (Bogart et al 2021) or Finland (Alvarez-Palau and Martí-Henneberg 2020).…”

“…The municipal centre is the place where the main church in the municipality is located (IGN 2018). This methodology has often been used in similar studies (Bogart et al 2021), (Esteban-Oliver 2020).…”

“…6. For instance, in Britain railways were built to connect the most dynamic nodes of the country (Bogart et al 2021), whereas in South Africa their objective was to channel primary products from the interior to the coast (Herranz-Loncán and Fourie 2018). Thus, the territorial effects of this technology varied.…”

Does High-Speed Rail Promote Agglomeration in China?

“…High-speed railways play a role in accelerating the transfer of resources from surrounding towns to regional centers and increasing the agglomeration effect of centers over their surrounding counterparts. However, some scholars found that the high-speed railway brings job opportunities and economic growth to the less-developed areas, thus leading to the decentralization of regional economies [4][5][6][7]. These considerations raise questions: what is the impact of China's HSR system on industrial agglomeration?…”